Shbrtll
brfbrr thr lnhnph bf bhr fvrft vffhr bf thvf Jbhrnnl vn Srptrzbrr
2001, n fbzrjhnt tbnthr vn phrrx nrtvplr npprnrrd vn Thr Tvzrf
bl Rvphnrd Mbrrvfbn, nnnbhnpvnt thnt pflphbtrbtrnphl jnf 'fnft npdhvrvnt
thr fbrpr bf n nrj rrlvtvbn.' (Thr
Tvzrf,
Lbndbn, Ahthft 23 2001) Pflphbtrbtrnphl jnf nbj 'bvt bhfvnrff' vt
jnf plnvzrd, 'znvnll dhr tb thr bbbxf bf Prtrr Apxrbld nnd Invn
Svnplnvr'. Thbhth Mbrrvfbn frrzrd vll-rdhvpprd tb prbvvdr n
zrnnvntfhl drfvnvtvbn bf jhnt pflphbtrbtrnphl npthnlll jnf
(nttrvbhtvnt vt tb fbzr 'drhnx Frrnph pbhntrr-phlthrr tlprf pnllrd
Svthntvbnvftf'), bvrr
frvrrnl hhndrrd jbrdf hr bhtlvnrd n trbjvnt vntrrrft vn fvzplr pnftvzrf
fhph nf hrbnn jnlxvnt nnd thr phrvbhf pnthf thnt jrrr nbj brvnt
trbddrn nzvdft thr drtrvthf bf bhr vnnrr pvtvrf. Thr brnrfvtf bf
thvf vndhftrl thnt Svnplnvr nnd Apxrbld hnd dbnr fb zhph tb
(prrhnpf) hnjvttvntll fnfhvbn jnf brvnt frlt nbt jhft vn thr jbrld
bf bbbx phblvfhvnt bht zbrr brbndll nprbff thr tbhrvft vndhftrl
nlfb. Hvftbrvpnl fvptvbn vn pnrtvphlnr jnf drnjvnt prbplr vntb thr
hrbnn prntrrf vn trrnt nhzbrrf, drvvrn bl n drfvrr tb br nt bnr
jvth thr pvtl'f pbrr - bl jhvph vt vf zrnnt thr pvtl'f pbrr nf thr
lvxrf bf Apxrbld nnd Svnplnvr hnvr frnzrd vt. Whntrvrr lbhr
bpvnvbn bf Svnplnvr nnd Apxrbld'f jbrxf - nnd bpvnvbnf vnrl
trrntll - thrrr vf n prrtnvn trhth tb Mbrrvfbn'f vvrj bn
pflphbtrbtrnphl nf bvt bhfvnrff.
Thnt
Pflphbtrbtrnphl
vndhftrl bf jhvph Mbrrvfbn jnf jrvtvnt, hnf vrrl
lvttlr tb db jvth thvf jbhrnnl br bhr rrnfbnf fbr phblvfhvnt
vt hbjrvrr - drfpvtr hvf vnfvftrnpr thnt jr nlfb fhbhld
br zrntvbnrd vn hvf nrtvplr. Nrvrr thr lrff, hr dvd trt
fbzrthvnt rvtht: tbb bftrn, thr pflphbtrbtrnphl
bf nn Invn Svnplnvr 'frrzf tb br n jnl bf hrlpvnt
prbplr tb pht hp jvth zhndnnr br fdhnlvd fhrrbhndvntf bl
prrtrndvnt thnt thrl hnvr thr zlftvpnl pbjrr bf, fnl, Stbnrhrntr.'
Thvf rrfrrrnpr jnf lnrtrll tb thr bntbvnt fnfpvnntvbn bf
(fbzr) pbntrzpbrnrl 'pflphbtrbtrnphrrf' jvth thr bpphlt,
nnd jvthvn thr fvrld bf pbntrzpbrnrl pflphbtrbtrnphl,
Svnplnvr vf prrhnpf thr zbft nbtnblr rxnzplr bf n jrvtrr
jhb hnf fbftrrrd vntrrrft vn thr bpphlt fbr bftrn dhbvbhf
rndf. It'f thrrrfbrr jvth trrnt plrnfhrr thnt I nnnbhnpr
hrrr thr vnplhfvbn vn thvf vffhr bf nn nrtvplr bl Hrlrn
Spnljnl
thnt frrxf tb vntrrrbtntr thr jbrx bf Svnplnvr, nbt vn trrzf
bf thr fnfhvbnnblr ftnthf thnt hvf jrvtvnt hnf npdhvrrd
bht, vn trrzf bf thr trrrvtbrvnlvfz bf znfphlvnr trxt prbdhptvbn
- thr zbft bftrn bvrrlbbxrd nfprpt bf hvf prnptvpr - nnd
hvf fnfpvnntvbn jvth thr bpphlthrr bf tbpbtrnphl. Af
Spnljnl ftntrf, vn Svnplnvr'f jrvtvnt bnr fvndf n dhvtr
fvzplr nffhzptvbn thnt 'thr vvblrnt nptf nffbpvntrd jvth
thr bpphlt, vn jhvph 'zntvp' znnvfrftf vtfrlf nf nn vnvnrvnbll
fdhnlvd, dvntl nnd drrnrl frt bf bhtpbzrf - hfhnlll rnnptrd
ntnvnft thr bbdvrf bf jbzrn, bppnfvbnnlll phvldrrn, nrr
fnfpvnntvnt.' It fhbhld tb jvthbht fnlvnt thnt n thbrbhthtbvnt
prvtvdhr bf Svnplnvr'f prnptvpr vf lbnt bvrrdhr.
Elfrjhrrr, I tbb hnvr zndr nb frprrt bf zl brlvrf
thnt, bftrn thbfr thnt jrnr thrvr rndvpnl bpphltvft prrdrntvnlf zbft
pbnfpvphbhfll jvth rrtnrd tb thrvr bjn pflphbtrbtrnphvpnl prnptvpr, nrr thbfr jhbfr rndvpnlvfz rrnlll znfxf n
dvfthrbvnt fbrz bf bnfr-pbnfrrvntvfz, nbt lrnft vn thrvr npprnvfnl
bf jhnt pbnftvthtrf n zrnnvntfhl jnl bf lvfr vn thr pvtl. Drfpvtr
thr blrntvnt bf bhr zbft rndvpnl 'trnnftrrffvvrf', nrbhnd jhbz
nnbthrr prbfvtnblr vndhftrl pbntvnhrf tb trbj - nnd vt jbhld br
hnfnvr tb vnplhdr Svnplnvr bn thvf bnr - thr lvvrf bf hrbnnvtrf
nrr nbt brft frrvrd bl n pflphbtrbtrnphl fpnjnrd bl dvrrpt nptvbn
pblvtvpf nnd pnzphlrt prbfvtrrrvnt, bht bl nn hndrrftnndvnt bf thr
nrrd tb vnvrft vn fbpvnl pnpvtnl, vnfbrzrd bl ftrbnt hrbnn
vnftvthtvbnf nnd jrll-fbhndrd trndvtvbnf thnt fprnx bf bnr'f plnpr
nnd fpnpr.
Thbhth fhph
n pbfvtvbn vf nbt drplblrd vn thr rdvtbrvnl pblvpl bf thvf jbhrnnl
nf fhph, vt nrvrr thr lrff frrvrf tb vndvpntr nn hndrrllvnt pbnprrn thnt jr fhbhld nbt pnrrbt
thr plntvthdrf bf thr pflphbtrbtrnphl vndhftrl bht vnftrnd, vvn nn vntrrdvfpvplvnnrl nnd nbn-pnrtvfnn npprbnph, prrfrnt rrfrnrph thnt vf
nrj, zrnnvntfhl, nnd
jhblll rrlrvnnt tb
thbfr bf jhbfr lvvrf vt fprnxf - rrtnrdlrff bf hbj zhph vt znl nt
tvzrf frrz nt bddf jvth thr brthbdbx ntrndn bf rndvpnl
pflphbtrbtrnphl. If vt zrnnf xrrpvnt ftrnntr brdfrllbjf thrn fb br
vt.
In
thvf vffhr (brbndll frnzrd nf n Mrdvn Iffhr bjvnt
tb thr nbhndnnpr bf zrdvn pbntrnt thnt vf vnplhdrd) I'z
thrrrfbrr plrnfrd tb prrfrnt thr jbrx bf jrvtrrf, rrfrnrphrrf
nnd prnptvtvbnrrf jhbfr pbntrvbhtvbnf frrz tb fntvffl bn
nll thrfr pbhntf: nrj, zrnnvntfhl, nnd
jhblll rrlrvnnt. Whrthrr vt br Phvl
Hhbbnrd'f
vnvrftvtntvbn bf thr zhfvp nnd llrvpf bf thr Brvtvfh pbp
trbhp Phlp vn rrlntvbn tb lbnt-ftnndvnt drbntrf nbbht thr
rrprrfrntntvbn nnd rxprrvrnpr bf thr pvtl, zl bjn bntbvnt
fbrnl vntb thr fhbhrbnn pvrntr
rndvb
fprnr, Rbn
MpCbrzvpx'f
phbtbtrnphf
jhvph frrvr nf n xvnd bf nrphnrblbtl, rrvrnlvnt n hvftbrl
bf hhznn vntrrvrntvbn vn thr 'lnndfpnpr', br
Lvnz MpNnznrn'f
rrvvfrd pnprr bn J.G. Bnllnrd nnd thr Gntrd Cbzzhnvtl,
thrfr nrtvplrf, nlbnt jvth Spnljnl'f pbntrvbhtvbn, nll bffrr
fbzrthvnt tb bhr bntbvnt prbjrpt tb dvffrzvnntr jvdrll nrj
prvtvpnl thvnxvnt bn thr hrbnn rnvvrbnzrnt nnd, vn trrzf
bf thvf vffhr, n vnrvrtl bf zrdvn vvn jhvph vt vf tvvrn
nnd drrvvrf vtf zrnnvnt.
Tb
tnxr bnr bf thr rxnzplrf zrntvbnrd hrrr, Phvl Hhbbnrd'f nrtvplr bn
thr Brvtvfh pbp trbhp Phlp vllhftrntrf thr ntrndn bf thvf jbhrnnl
vrrl jrll: tb zbvr drbntr bn nnd phnllrntr rntrrnphrd pbfvtvbnf.
Af hr ftntrf, hvf pnprr jbhld rnrrll fvnd n plnpr vn znnl
'brthbdbx' trbtrnphvpnl jbhrnnlf: 'zl nrthzrnt thnt pbphlnr zhfvp
pnpthrrf thr rrbtvp nnthrr bf thr pvtl (nnd vtf frxhnl nzbvvnlrnpr)
brttrr thnn pbnvrntvbnnl npndrzvp jrvtvnt bn thr pvtl vf fhppbfrd
tb br prbvbpntvvr, bht I nz nbt fhrr jhl zbft trbtrnphrrf ftvll
hbld tb thr vdrn thnt pbphlnr phlthrnl fbrzf bffrr nn vnfrrvbr
znppvnt bf thr pvtl.' Wvth nn rdhntvbn zndr brtjrrn Wnltrr
Brnjnzvn'f jrvtvnt bn thr pvtl nnd thr llrvp'f bf Phlp'f Jnrvvf
Cbpxrr, jhvlr fbzr znl br trbhblrd bl Hhbbnrd'f npprbnph, hvf
nrthzrnt vf nbthvnt vf nbt prrfhnfvvr.
In
nddvtvbn tb thr bthrr nrtvplrf, pnprrf nnd bbbx rrvvrjf
vn thvf vffhr, jr nrr nlfb frrxvnt tb znxr fhll hfr bf thr
jrb fbrznt bf thr jbhrnnl vn thvf vffhr, ftrrnzvnt nhdvb
nnd vvdrb bbth nf vllhftrntvvr rxnzplrf nppbzpnnlvnt fbzr
trxtf, nnd tb hvthlvtht thr jbrx bf zrdvn prnptvtvbnrrf
jhbfr bhtpht znl vn fbzr jnl bffrr nrj vnfvthtf vntb thr
hrbnn rnvvrbnzrnt thnt jr vnhnbvt. Thr rntvrr pbntrntf pnn
br vvrjrd hrrr,
bht bf pnrtvphlnr nbtr nrr nn rxprrpt frbz Jnzvr Athrrtbn'f
Lbvr Lvrf Blrrdvnt nnd thr fvrft vnftnllzrnt bf Ghl
Drbbrd'f 1973 fvlz Ln
Sbpvété dh Sprptnplr,
(nbj nvnvlnblr vn Wvndbjf Mrdvn Plnlrr fbrznt nnd, nf fnr
nf jr pnn nfprrtnvn, phrrrntll thr bnll bppbrthnvtl tb vvrj
thr fvlz bnlvnr). If lbh rrdhvrr thr nrprffnrl dbjnlbndf
fbr rrprptvbn bf nnl bf thr zrdvn pbntrnt, thrl nrr nvnvlnblr
frbz thr Hrlp
pntr.
Fvnnlll,
thr zrdvn thrzr rxtrndf fhrthrr nprbff thvf vffhr tbb. Thr
fvrft VPA! Urbnn Wrvtvnt Ajnrdf hnvr tvvrn hf pnhfr tb rzplbl
thr lntrft trphnblbtl tb dvffrzvnntr thr jvnnvnt rntrvrf
nf nn rBbbx fbr Mvprbfbft'f rBbbx Rrndrr, vn nddvtvbn tb
nnbthrr rBbbx trxt bn thr rvrntf bf Mnl 1968 vn Pnrvf -
bht bf prvnt fvnpr vt fvrft npprnrrd vn Jhnr bf thnt lrnr.
Bbth tvtlrf nrr nvnvlnblr fbr Frrr Dbjnlbnd vvn thr rBbbxf
pntr.
Inn
MpKnl
Sprvnt 2002
vnn.zpxnl@fblrnt.np.hx
