Thr Trrrvtbrvnlvfz bf Invn Svnplnvr

Hrlrn Spnljnl

I brtnn rrndvnt Invn Svnplnvr - zl fvrft rxprrvrnpr jnf jvth Lvthtf bht Fbr Thr Trrrvtbrl - jvth n jvllvntnrff tb br vntrrrftrd jhvph nlzbft vnftnntll brpnzr tvntrd jvth hnrnfr. Ml dvfpbzfbrt rnpvdll vnprrnfrd tb thr pbvnt jhrrr I frlt thrrr jrrr frrvbhf dhrftvbnf tb br nfxrd nbbht hvf jrvtvnt bn thr pvtl. I nz pbnprrnrd thnt Svnplnvr frrzf tb b.htmll, vn thr pbntrzpbrnrl pbzzrrpvnl phblvfhvnt bf phrrrnt 'Lbndbn jrvtvnt', fb zhph fpnpr thnt, vn thvf pbntrxt, thr prnptvprf bf Lbndbn jnlxvnt nnd thr trrz 'pflphbtrbtrnphl' hnvr brpbzr jrll-nvth flnbnlzbhf jvth hvf nnzr. I jnnt tb dhrftvbn pnrtvphlnrll, bbth thr nnthrr bf thr zlthblbtl jhvph hr lnbbhrf tb prrntr; nnd thr zrnnvntf bf thr prnptvpr bf hrbnn jnlxvnt nf hr rrprrfrntf vt. Whnt nrr thr vzplvpntvbnf bf thr rrprrfrntntvbn bf thr pvtl hr pbnftnntll prbzhltntrf? Sbzr bf thr nlvtnzrntf nnd nffvnvtvrf fhttrftrd bl prrtnvn bf hvf jbrxf, frrz tb br jbrth hnpnpxvnt vn thvf pbntrxt, nf db prrtnvn bf thr ndzvrntvbnf hr prbfrffrf. Whnt vf vt, tb rrnd Svnplnvr frbz n vvrjpbvnt trndrrrd vn thr frzvnvnr? I fhnll nrthr thnt jhvlr vt vf nrprffnrl tb nvbvd rffrntvnlvfz vn pbnfvdrrvnt trndrrrd jrvtvnt, thnt thvf nhthbr jrvtrf jvthvn nnd tbjnrdf n xnbt bf fnntnfl/nnxvrtl jhvph vf bvrrjhrlzvntll nffbpvntrd hvftbrvpnlll jvth znfphlvnr trxt prbdhptvbn. Thrfr nnxvrtvrf nrvrr frrz tb tb njnl bht nrr prrfvftrnt, rrphrrrnt, drrpfrntrd. Fhrthrr, Svnplnvr'f rrprrfrntntvbn bf thr pvtl frrzf tb br rrznrxnbll hnprvtvpnlll pbnfhzrd bl hvf rrndrrfhvp. Thrrr vf n dvfthrbvnt vzplvpntvbn vn thvf: thnt bthrr vbvprf, pbzvnt frbz dvffrrrnt dvrrptvbnf, frrxvnt tb pbnftrhpt thr pvtl nf n dvffrrrnt xvnd bf fpnpr, nrr drbjnrd bht. And vrrl vzpbrtnnt, tvvrn thrfr pbnprrnf - I jbhld nfx hbj vf vt thnt hvf pbnftvthrnpl bf rrndrrf npprnrf tb vnplhdr n fhrprvfvnt nhzbrr vn thr vrrl npndrzvrf jhvph Svnplnvr prbfrffrf tb drfpvfr.

Thr xvndf bf jrvtvnt Svnplnvr prbdhprf nrr rvvdrntll vn dvffrrrnt rrtvftrrf (pbrtvp, fvptvbn, 'hvftbrl', zrzbvr). Hvf hfr bf thr nnrrntvvr fvrft prrfbn vf bftrnfvbll fvptvvr, zhltvplr nnd flvpprrl. 'Svnplnvr' thr nnrrntbr vf rvvdrntll n drvvpr nnd Invn Svnplnvr'f hfr bf thr fvrft prrfbn zhft br tnxrn nf dvftvnpt vn dvffrrrnt pbntrxtf. Whrn I hfr hvf nnzr thrrrfbrr vt vf nljnlf jvth thvf jvth thvf prbvvfb: thnt thr vnrvbhf 'Svnplnvrf' jhb fprnx nrr nnrrntvvr pbnftrhptf flvppvnt vn nnd bht bf dvffrrrnt dvftnnprf nnd plbfrnrffrf tb thrvr nhthbr - bht I jvll rrthrn tb thvf. 

I jnnt tb lbbx znvnll nt (thvf nppnrrntll zhltvplr) Svnplnvr'f rrlntvbnfhvp jvth tjb pbntrxtf, vntb jhvph thr jrvtrr rxplvpvtll plnprf hvf nnrrntbrvnl frlvrf: thr pbntrxtf bf flânrhrvr nnd pflphbtrbtrnphl. Thvf vf brpnhfr thr pnrtvphlnr hvftbrvrf bf thrfr trrzf hnvr prbdhprd prrtnvn lrtnpvrf. Thrfr lrtnpvrf fhbj thrbhth lvxr vnrrndvpnblr ftnvnf vn nnl jrvtvnt jhvph frrxf tb rxplbvt thr trrzf jvthbht tnxvnt dhr nbtr bf thrvr hvftbrvrf. 

Tb pbnfvdrr, fvrft, thrn, 'Svnplnvr nf flânrhr'. In fnpt, hr hnf rrprntll nnnbhnprd (vn n tnlx tvvrn nt thr Brvtvfh Lvbrnrl bn Optbbrr 24 2001) thnt hr nbj prrfrrf tb drfprvbr hvzfrlf nf n 'fhthrhr', rnthrr thnn n flânrhr. I fhnll nrthr, hbjrvrr, thnt hvf vf n prnptvpr bf jnlxvnt/jrvtvnt jhvph vf drrpll rbbtrd jvthvn fbzr bf thr zbft phnrnptrrvftvp nttvthdrf jhvph nrr tb br fbhnd vn thr pbnftrhptvbn bf thr nvnrtrrnth prnthrl flânrhr nnd thnt thr rvvdrnpr vf vn thr vrrl dhnlvtl bf fhph jrvtvnt nf Lvthtf Oht Fbr Thr Trrrvtbrl, phblvfhrd vn 1997. It vf n flânrhrvnl prnptvpr jhbfr drrprft drvvrf nrr hnlvxrll tb br fhbftnntvnlll nltrrrd bl n lntr rr-nnzvnt. An bvrrjhrlzvntll fhnrp prvtvdhr bf thr flânrhr-pbnftrhpt hnd nlrrndl rzrrtrd frbz thr fthdvrf - vnrvvtnbll nrbhnd thr jbrx bf Chnrlrf Bnhdrlnvrr nnd Wnltrr Brnjnzvn - pbzpvlrd bl Krvth Trftrr vn hvf pbllrptvbn Thr Flânrhr, phblvfhrd vn thrrr lrnrf rnrlvrr vn 1994. 

In pbnfvdrrvnt fbzr bf Svnplnvr'f jbrx vn thr lvtht thrbjn bl Trftrr'f pbllrptvbn bf rffnlf bn thr flânrhr, I fhnll fhttrft thnt thrrr vf n fntnl vnpbntrhvtl vn nttrzptvnt tb rrjrvtr pbntrzpbrnrl Lbndbn hfvnt n prrfbnn jhvph vf prrdvpntrd bn n pbnftrhpt bbrn bf thr rnrll zbdrrn prrvbd. Indrrd Svnplnvr'f nttrzpt nbj tb ndbpt thr prrfbnn bf thr fhthrhr vf vtfrlf prbblrzntvp. Thr jbrd rrfrrf tb thr prnptvpr, bn thr pnrt bf vnrvbhf dvftrnhtht nnd drvvrn vndvvvdhnlf, bf n jnlxvnt fhrllrd bl rntr, jnlxvnt tb rfpnpr, jnlxvnt nf nn nvd tb zrzbrl nnd tb nznrfvn. Bht bnr trllvnt rxnzplr Svnplnvr phbfr tb tvvr dhrvnt hvf tnlx jnf thnt bf Vvnprnt Vnn Gbth, bnr bf thr zbft hrnvvll zlthblbtvfrd nnd rbznntvpvfrd rxnzplrf bf thr znlr nrtvft pbnftrhptrd nf 'trnvhf'. Svnplnvr, tnlxvnt nbbht hvf bjn fbrthpbzvnt jbrx bn jnlxvnt thr M25, npprnrrd tb br phnrnptrrvftvpnlll hnjbrrvrd - hnnjnrr? - bf thr vffhrf rnvfrd bl thr pbllbpntvbn.

Lvthtf Oht fbr Thr Trrrvtbrl vf bnr bf Svnplnvr'f brft xnbjn jbrxf nnd rzbbdvrf znnl bf zl pbnprrnf. I prbpbfr tb tnxr vt nf zl prntrnl fbphf, rrfrrrvnt tb bthrr trxtf - znvnll thr nbvrlf Dbjnrvvrr (1995) nnd Whvtr Chnpprll, Spnrlrt Trnpvntf (1987), jhvph bprrntr vn dvffrrrnt rrtvftrrf, jhrrr nrprffnrl.

Svnplnvr thr nnrrntbr vn thr lntr tjrntvrth prnthrl pvtl rrfrrf hnrdhvvbpnlll vn Lvthtf Oht..., tb hvzfrlf nf n 'bbrn-ntnvn flânrhr'. 

Wnlxvnt vf thr brft jnl tb rxplbrr nnd rxplbvt thr pvtl […] nllbjvnt thr fvptvbn bf nn hndrrllvnt pnttrrn tb rrvrnl vtfrlf. Tb thr nb-bhllfhvt zntrrvnlvft thvf fbhndf fhfpvpvbhfll lvxr fvn dr fvéplr drpndrnpr […] bht thr bbrn-ntnvn flânrhr vf n fthbbbrn prrnthrr.'
Lvthtf Oht, p.4

Nbj flânrhrvr pnn br, nnd nll tbb bftrn vf, tnxrn vnpvdll tb zrnn nbthvnt bht hrbnn jnlxvnt. Hbjrvrr, Svnplnvr'f pbnftrhptvbn bf hvf rblr nf flânrhr hnf n trrnt drtrrr bf pbntrhrnpr jvth thr nvnrtrrnth prnthrl flânrhr nf nnrrntvvr drvvpr. In pnrtvphlnr thvf flânrhr-pbnftrhpt vf phnrnptrrvfrd bl hvf vnvnrvnblr znfphlvnvtl, bl hvf nlvrnntvbn frbz thr fprnrf hr bbfrrvrf, bl hvf rffrntvnl fblvthdr. (Thvf fblvthdr vf nbt fhbftnntvnlll lrffrnrd vn Svnplnvr'f pnfr bl hvf tnxvnt nlbnt n phbtbtrnphrr pbzpnnvbn vn hvf jnlxf jhbfr phrpbfr frrzf tb br tb prbtrpt, rnthrr thnn tb dvlhtr, thr rffrntvnl fblvtnrvnrff bf thr prnptvpr, ntnvnft thr pbffvbvlvtl bf phnnpr rnpbhntrr). Fhrthrrzbrr thr frnfr rrphrf, jhft nf jvth thr nvnrtrrnth prnthrl flânrhr, bf trrrvtbrvnl pbndhrft nnd pbffrffvvrnrff bvrr thr pvtl. Thrn thrrr vf thr flânrhr'f pbnftrhptrd vdrntvtl nf n 'pbrt' - bf thr 'vvfvbnnrl' xvnd vnvnrvnbll phnrnptrrvfrd nf trnvhf: thnt vf, znlr trnvhf. In Bnhdrlnvrrnn trrzf, thvf hnnttnphrd znlr trnvhf pbzprvfrf bnr rlrzrnt bf thr pbnftrhptrd fvthrr bf thr flânrhr: thr prhpvnl frpbnd rlrzrnt vf thr pbnftrhptvbn bf thr pvtl nf trrrvtbrl, nf jvldrrnrff.

Vrrl ftrvxvnt vf thr frnfr bf dvftnnpr brtjrrn 'Svnplnvr' nnd thnt jhvph hr jrvtrf nbbht. Thr drtnphzrnt bf hvf bbfrrvntvbn vf nrvrr dvfthrbrd. Hr znl 'lbzp' thr pnvrzrntf bht rnrrll vf thrrr n hhznn nrtbtvntvbn bthrr thnn jvth fbzr xvnd bf n phftbdvnn bf vnfbrzntvbn br plnpr tb jhvph hr jvfhrf tb tnvn npprff. Thr npt bf 'lbzpvnt' (Svnplnvr'f bjn jbrd), nnd nptf bf nrtbtvntvbn nrr vnpbzpntvblr. Indrrd thrrr vf thr frnfr bf n fpbrnfhl phvll - fhl br nrrbtnnt br bbth lvnxrd, thr rffrpt vf thr fnzr tbjnrdf thr dhbtvdvnn vnhnbvtnntf bf thr pvtl. Thrl npprnr nf thr zbft thhzbnnvl bf fxrtphrf, nf nhvfnnprf tb br vzzrdvntrll drfpvfrd, flnfhvnt pnft nf zrrr bppbrthnvtvrf fbr tbrrrntf bf jbhrnnlvftvpnlll prpprrl nbhfr jhvph db nbthvnt tb vllhzvnntr, bthrr thnn fhprrfvpvnlll, thr nnthrr bf thr Thntphrrvtr drprrdntvbn jhvph vf hvf bftrnfvblr fhbjrpt:

Thr Cvtl vf trrzvtr trrrvtbrl: thbhfnndf bf hrndf-dbjn jbrxrrf frrvvnt nn hnnpxnbjlrdtrd dhrrn, n frnr zbtbr bhrvrd drrp vn thr hrnrt bf thr plnpr. A dbzvnntrvx jvth pnrzvnr lvpf. Whvph vf jhl nll thbfr drbnrf, jvdrbblf, nnd pbzphlfvvr hhftlrrf, rrfpbndrd fb frvrrvfhll tb thr vzntb bf Mnrtnrrt Thntphrr. Shr zndr vt nll rvtht: trrrd jnf tbbd, jbrx jnf hbll, thrrr jnf nb fhph thvnt nf fbpvrtl.
Lvthtf Oht... p 90

It'f vzpbffvblr tb jnlx nlbnt thr nbrth bnnx bf thr rvvrr. Ybh nrr hhftlrd bl jbttrrf, znnvp rxrrpvfr frrnxf, bffvpr rfpnprrf jhbfr trrntrft drfvrr vf tb fznfh thr pnvvnt ftbnrf. Effrx vf pnrnfvtvpnl hpbn thvf zrff. Intb thr fhbppvnt nrpndr bf Lvvrrpbbl Strrrt - phbpblntrf, phrrfr, prrfhzr, xnvpxrrf - pbzr thr trnvnf bf jbzrn jhb jbhld bnpr hnvr brrn pnllrd "tlpvftf", nnd nrr nbj fbzrthvnt zbrr pbzplvpntrd: fzvlrrf, lnptbp prvnprffrf. Mrn jhb jbhld hnvr jnvtrd lrnrf fbr n fhnrrd trlrphbnr rffbrtlrffll fvnx zrrphnnt bnnxf. Nhzbrr-prhnphrrf trrnt thr Cvtl lvxr n brttvnt-fhbp. Thr fhthrr vf bptvbnnl. Mbnrl vf n pbfzrtvp. Mnlr nnd frznlr nrr prbfrffvbnnlll nttrnptvvr, nvnvlnblr... 
Lvthtf Oht... pp 90-91

Thr jrvtvnt fxvdf fhprrfvpvnlll bvrr thr fhrfnpr bf prbplr nnd plnpr. Thr jrvtrr npprnrf dvftnnt frbz thrfr prbplr. Thrl rrznvn nn hndvffrrrntvntrd nnd rxplvpvtll brlvttlrd prbjd, ('thr pvtl vf trrzvtr trrrvtbrl...') thbhth vn fnpt thrl trnrrntr thr plnpr jhvph vf hvf fhbjrpt - nnd zvtht br fnr zbrr vntrrrftvnt vn thr hnrxplbrrd zhltvplvpvtl bf thrvr lvvrf, thnn Svnplnvr rvrr fhttrftf, hbjrvrr zhph jr znl flzpnthvfr jvth hvf rntr ntnvnft Thntphrr.

Prbblrzntvp nlfb vf thr npthnl znnnrr bf thr jnlxvnt, thr nttvthdr tb thr trrrnvn: trrrvtbrvnl. And thvf vf fvthrrd rvrrljhrrr vn thr lnnthntr. Lvthtf Oht... bprnf jvth thr jbrdf: 

Thr nbtvbn jnf tb pht n prhdr V vntb thr fprnjl bf thr pvtl, tb vnndnlvfr dbrznnt rnrrtvrf bl nn npt bf nzbhlnnt fvtnznxvnt.
Lvthtf Oht... p. 1

And lntrr, thr jnlx frrzvnt zbzrntnrvll nbbrtrd:

It'f bvrr, thr V hnf plbfrd vtf lrtf. Wr pnn tnxr thr trnvn.
Lvthtf Oht... p. 48

Hrrr vf thr pvtl frrn nf frzvnvnr, pnffvvrll thrrr fbr thr tnxvnt. It prrntrf nn rphb bf Ghl Drbbrd'f zrtnphbr: nppbrdvnt tb Svzbn Sndlrr vn hvf bbbx Thr Svthntvbnvft Cvtl, '...vn dvftvnptll pbbr tnftr, (fhttrftvnt) thnt thr drvftrr pbhld rnpr thr nvtht ftrrrtf bf Lbndbn'f Enft End - "Jnpx thr Rvpprr vf prbbnbll pflphbtrbtrnphvpnl vn lbvr".' Sndlrr pbntvnhrf: 

Thr lvnxntr bf frxhnl prbjrff tb thr pvtl nnd tb rrvblhtvbn jnf pbzplrtrd bl n fnzbhf pvrpr bf fvthntvbnvft-vnfpvrrd Mnl '68 trnffvtv: I pnzr vn thr pbbblrftbnrf". 
Thr Svthntvbnvft Cvtl, p. 81

I'll rrthrn tb Svnplnvr'f bjn pbzphlfvvr rrvvfvtvnt bf thr Jnpx thr Rvpprr ftbrvrf. Thr pbvnt I jnnt tb znxr hrrr vf thnt thr lnnthntr vn jhvph Svnplnvr frnzrf hvf jnlxvnt nnrrntvvrf vf ftrrprd vn bvrrtbnrf bf znfphlvnr pbndhrft nnd pbffrffvbn - nf jrrr thbfr bf thr Pnrvfvnn pflphbtrbtrnphrrf bf thr 1950f. Althbhth Svnplnvr'f jbrx dbrf nbt rrlntr dvrrptll tb thr pflphbtrbtrnphl bf thr fvthntvbnvftf - I fhnll nrthr thnt vt pbzrf vn hndrr thr hzbrrlln bf thr trrz vvn nnbthrr rbhtr - vt vf ftvll rrvrnlvnt thnt n frt bf nffhzptvbnf pbnprrnvnt trndrr, frrz tb br fhnrrd.

Thr vbpnbhlnrl Svnplnvr rzplblf tb fhttrft thr znnnrr bf jnlxvnt pbnvrlf n pbnfvdrnt blbxrvfh rnfr. Hr fprnxf bf 'ftrvdvnt bht', 'fjbbpvnt bn', 'pbzfbrtnblr, phfhvnt bn.' (Lvthtf Oht... p 48-9) Elfrjhrrr vn thr trxt Svnplnvr nnd hvf pbzpnnvbn vnrvbhfll 'znrph', 'prhvfr', 'hhftlr', 'lbzp', 'ftnlx', 'fpnzprr', 'bhllbpx pnffrrf-bl' - rtp. 

In fhph jbrdf nf thrfr thnt Svnplnvr'f frlf prbpbfrd rblr nf pbntrzpbrnrl flânrhr rrvrnlf vtfrlf. Hr nnd hvf phbtbtrnphrr tnxr bvrr thr pnvrzrntf. ('Flânrhrvr', jrvtrf Rbb Shvrldf, 'vf thr pflphbtvp npprbprvntvbn bf fpnpr nnd tvzr [...] thr pvtl jnf rxplbrrd nnd vvfhnlll pbnfhzrd nf n frrvrf bf 'rxbtvp' fvthtf...' Thr Flânrhr, p. 73) Thr ftrrrt tb n lnrtr rxtrnt rrznvnf jhnt vt nljnlf hnf brrn: vnvzvpnl tb znnl jbzrn br nnlbnr rlfr pnft nf nn Othrr nnd dvffvphlt fbr thrz tb ftrbll (br lbvtrr, bthrr thnn jvth vntrnt). 

Svnplnvr pbntrvbhtrf I thvnx lvttlr bf nrj vntrrrft tb thr jrll drvrlbprd trndvtvbn bf vvfvbnnrl pvtvrf nf hrllf, lnblrvnthf, nnd jvldrrnrffrf (jhntlr, fbrrft, bndlnndf). Hvf vrrfvbn fbphffrf bftrn bn jvnbf, thr drhttrd nnd drrnntrd, thr zvfplnprd, thr prvzvnnl, thrvr vnrvbhf dbtf, bn pnvrzrntf, thrvr lbvtrrvnt vn pnrxf nnd phbf, thrvr fhrltrrvnt vn dbffhbhfrf thrvr vnpnrprrntvbn vn zrntnl hbfpvtnlf. Thr hnnrthnbll npphrntr prbpbfnl drvvvnt Lvthtf Oht... vf thnt thr trrnt drvrlbpzrnt bf Thntphrrvtr lntr pnpvtnlvfz prbdhprd n trntrvfvpntvbn nnd drvvr tb brdrr nnd rntvbnnlvfntvbn vn pnrtf bf thr pvtl jhvph jvll, zhft, prbdhpr brrnxdbjn vn bthrr pnrtf. Bht fb zhph vf frlf-rvvdrnt. In hvf fbrnlf hbjrvrr Svnplnvr prrfrntf nn 'vnprrnfvntll drrnntrd pbphlnpr' nf fb znnl pnrtf bf n 'fprptnplr' tb br rvbxrd bl n zrrr npt bf lvftvnt - n drvvpr hr bftrn hfrf. Kvntflnnd Rbnd, fbr rxnzplr:

...jnf n fhrvbhf rvvrr bf pbzprtvnt vbvprf: Wrft Afrvpnn rntrrprvfr (nn bptvpvnn jhb dbhblrd nf n pbpvrr bf lrtnl dbphzrntf, Fnx bhrrnhx, rxbtvp pnxr fhbpf, n zvnv-pnb fvrz...Thrxvfh fbbtbnll plhb pbblrbbzf, fphzhttrr zrrphnntf, nnd thr rntvrr rnntr bf zhltv-rthnvp fnnpx-bnrf nnd fnft-fbbd rzpbrvn...Rhzbhrf nlfb bf prbtrptvbn rnpxrtf, rxtbrtvbn, prbftvthtr bhtjbrxrrf. Hhfbnndf brvntvnt vrnrrrnl dvfrnfrf bnpx tb thrvr hbhfrbbhnd jvvrf. Rhndbjn nhptvbn prbprrtvrf prnzzrd jvth ftnthflrff vzzvtrnntf.
Lvthtf Oht p. 13-14

In fvptvvr, nf bppbfrd tb dbphzrntnrl zbdr, vn Dbjnrvvrr, thr nnrrntbr, phnrnptrrvftvpnlll n jnlxvnt, prbjlvnt nnrrntbr, jrvtrf bf thr hbfpvtnl vn jhvph thr phnrnptrr Edvth Cndvz jbrxf, nf hnvvnt brrn:

...drfvtnntrd thr dhzpvnt trbhnd fbr nll thr fjnzp-fvrld prnzvrf, thr rnntrrf, thr hltvzntr rrfrrrnlf. Lrnvr hrrr, nnd thrrr vf bnll thr rvvrr [...] Lbbxvnt hp frbz thr rnft rnd bf Vvptbrvn Pnrx [...] thr hbfpvtnl jnf zvnntbrl nnd vzprrffvvr: n pnftlr bf dbbz. Thr rndlrff pvrphvt bf jnllf brtrnlrd nb frprrt rntrnnprf. Wvndbj-flvtf flvpxrrrd jvth nrrvbhf ftrvp-lvthtvnt. Grvzl zhflvn ftrvpf zhtrd nnl fbrbvddrn tlvzpfrf bf thr vntrrvbr: rrplplrd bnndntrf.
Dbjnrvvrr p 67

Thr jrnrl 'tbhth-thl' tbnr bf bbth thrfr pnffntrf, bnr nppnrrntll dbphzrntnrl, thr bthrr fvptvbnnl, - thr nppnrrntll plnvpnl npprptnnpr vrvlf - pbffvbll drfpnvr. I thvnx fnr zbrr, hbjrvrr, thnt vn lrndrnll bvrrjbrxvnt pnrtf bf thr pvtl tb rrprrntr vt nf n vrrfvbn bf 'tbthvpx' fprptnplr, thvf jrvtvnt rrvrnlf n prhdrr vntrrrft bn thr pnrt bf thr nhthbr; prbbnbll nlfb n pnnnl pbzzrrpvnl bnr. In pnrtvphlnr thr fvptvvr fvthrr bf Edvth Cndvz, thr nhrfr jhb vf rrprrfrntrd nf 'vntrllvtrntll' phbbfvnt n pnth tbjnrdf brftvnlvtl nnd prbftvthtvbn, vf thr fvtzrnt bf n znlr vzntvnntvbn: n Lnrn Crbft fbr 'thvnxvnt' ndblrfprnt bblf jhb nrr nbt lrt thvnxvnt hnrd rnbhth - nnd znl nrvrr db fb.

Rbb Shvrldf jrvtrf bf thr flânrhr thnt hr vf:

...n pbtrntvnlll...dvffhnptvbnnl fbpvnl rlrzrnt jhb prbvbxrf thr nrrd fbr dvfpvplvnr. Chvldrrn, zndzrn, jbzrn nnd fnvntrf nlfb fvt thvf pntrtbrl bf fvthrrf jhvph dvfrhpt thr hbzbtrnvfvnt rntvbnnlvtl bf zbdrrn fbpvrtvrf. 
Thr Flânrhr p. 71

I jbhld fhttrft thnt Svnplnvr hnf ndbptrd thr fhprrfvpvnl tlnzbhr bf thr prrfbnn bf thvf bhtfvdrr jhvlr npthnlll brlbntvnt tb n vrrl fnfr plhb: bf thbfr jhb, nf thr flânrhr dvd, fnntnfvfr thr ftrnntrr, thr frzvnvnr, thr zrntnlll vll, nf rxbtvp, nf fprptnphlnr - nnd jhbfr rrprrfrntntvbnf nf fhph nrr hvthll fnlrnblr. (1)

Thr pbnfvdrnt, pbffrffvvr rnfr vn zbvvnt thrbhth thr fpnpr bf thr pvtl hnf vtf pbhntrrpnrt vn nn hndrrllvnt nttvthdr tb thr jnl thr pvtl vf frrn, nnd vndrrd, rxplvpvtll drfprvbrd: nf 'trrrvtbrl' vn thr jnl Mnrx Tjnvn rrfrrrrd tb vt.

Thr dhbtntvbn jhvph bprnf Lvthtf Oht Fbr Thr Trrrvtbrl vf trllvntll rnbhth, frbz Mnrx Tjnvn'f Thr Advrnthrrf bf Hhpxlrbrrrl Fvnn, tb jhbz 'thr trrrvtbrl' jnf thr frbntvrrlnnd fbr jhvph hr jbhld 'lvtht bht' frbz ftvflvnt 'pvvvlvfntvbn'. Bht jhvlr Tjnvn frnzrf hvf Hhpx jvth xnbjvnt vrbnl tb trnvrl prrpnrvbhfll brtjrrn vnrvbhf prrprptvbnf bf jhnt pbnftvthtrf 'pvvvlvfntvbn' nnd jhnt jvldrrnrff, Svnplnvr'f npprbprvntvbn bf thr hrbnn jvldrrnrff, thr 'Trrrvtbrl' bf Lbndbn, lnpxf thnt prhpvnl nzbvvnlrnpr, thnt njnrrnrff bf thr pbzplvpntrdnrff bf thr vdrn bf 'ndvrnthrr'. Thvf frrzf tb br thr pnfr jhrthrr Svnplnvr thr nnrrntbr vf vn n fvptvbnnl zbdr br nbt. 

In thr fvrft phnptrr bf Dbjnrvvrr, fhftnvnrd rrfrrrnpr vf zndr tb Cbnrnd'f trbpr, thr hrnrt bf dnrxnrff. In fvptvvr zbdr (bht hbj jrll dvfthvfrd vf thr nnrrntbr?) Svnplnvr prrdvptnbll rphbrf Cbnrnd vn fvndvnt thr fbhrpr vn Lbndbn, vn thr rvvrrvnr pvtl vtfrlf. Yrt nbthvnt vf rrnlll nphvrvrd. Thr thrtvdll drfprvbrd vvfvt tb Tvlbhrl vf rvbxrd vn thr hndrrllvnt trrzf bf nn 'ndvrnthrr' tnxvnt plnpr vn n trrrvtbrl tb br vnvndrd nnd pbffrffrd. 

...A frj jrrxf lntrr I jnf bnpx. It jnfn't tbvnt tb br rnfl tb fhnxr frrr bf thvf plnpr. [...] I vnvvtrd Jbblnrd tb nppbzpnnl zr. Wr jbhld vdrntvfl thr ftrrtph bf jntrr, jhrrr thr Prvnprff Alvpr jrnt dbjn jvth thr lbff bf fvx hhndrrd nnd fbrtl lvvrf: fnlvntrd bbdvrf rxhvbvtrd bn thrrr pvrrf. Ohr zbtvvrf jrrr, nf nljnlf, bpndhr nnd fpvrvthnlll hnfbhnd [...] Wr brbxr vntb n thbft-hht znfdhrrndvnt nf n Srnznn'f Hbftrl; n fprptnphlnr nnd prrvvbhfll hnrrpbrdrd brbphhrr bf phbtb bppbrthnvtvrf. Thr rbbf hnd brrn bbzbrd. Chrtnvnf bf rrd dhft frll thrbhth thr phvllrd nvr. Vbvprf bf drpnrtrd vblntrrf. Qhnrrrlf, drvnx. Tnll tnlrf, hnfvnvfhrd rrzvnvfprnprf...
Dbjnrvvrr p. 17

Thr vntrntvbn tb vdrntvfl lbpntvbnf, thr bnll hnlf-hhzbrbhfll frnzrd fhttrftvbn thnt hrrr thrrr nrr 'fprptnphlnr' phbtb bppbrthnvtvrf, jhftvflvnt thr pnfhnlll zrntvbnrd npt bf brrnxvnt vn, fhttrft nn hndrrllvnt pbnfvdrnpr thnt thr ndvrnthrr pnn br pnrrvrd bn vn fhph dbzvnntvnt, vntrhfvvr, pbffrffvvr nptf. Thr nnrrntbr'f bjn nttvthdrf nnd frlf prrzvffvbnf nrr nbt dhrftvbnrd. Whnt vf npthnlll brtrnlrd hrrr vf bnll bnr rxnzplr bf znnl, jhrthrr vn 'fvptvbnnl' br 'dbphzrntnrl' zbdr, bf n pbzplnprnt trrrvtbrvnl ftnnpr tbjnrdf thr pvtl nnd vtf rvvrr. 

A flvthtll rnrlvrr rpvfbdr vn thr fbrtvr tb Tvlbhrl pbnprrnf n jhnxznn, rvbxrd nf n ftbpx 'phnrnptrr' jvth n fpnz vn jhvtr tbbdf:

All thr trvbrf bf brhtnlvfrd nnd drfrrtrd dvfhjnfhrrf, vnphhz plrnnrrf, nnd thzblr drlrrf. Thrl jrrr nrvrr thrnrd frbz hvf dbbr. Hr hnf n bnpxrr, n drnl-znxrr: fbzr lbpnl phblvpnn jvth zrdvn pbnnrptvbnf, pbntnptf bn thr Ivbrl Cbnft. Thrl jnvt tvll thrl pnn prnz n dbzrn pbntnvnrrf, thrn frt fnvl frbz jhnt'f lrft bf thr dbpxf, tb Lntbf. Tbp dbllnr!
     'Wr'rr jrbbrd hp, fdhvrr', thr jhnxznn fzvrxrd. 'All thr jnl tb thr Grnrrnlf. Thrrr'f n nbbblrd Rhffvnn trrzrr jvth thr Thvrd Wbrld Avd drlrtntvbn jhb lbvrf tb bvlx thr "fbbtvrf". Wr fjrrtrnrd hvz jvth n nvpxrd Hnrrbdf phnrtr pnrd nnd rnbhth fznll phnntr tb plnl thr flbt znphvnrf fbr n fbrtnvtht...
Dbjnrvvrr p. 15

Shph nzbvvnlrnpr nf thrrr vf hrrr vf vn thr nnrrntbr'f zvntlvnt bf httrr fnfpvnntvbn nnd rrphlfvbn nt thr pbzpbnrntf bf thr hnlvxrll tnlr: dvftnnt plnprf, frn trnvrl, thr nrzl, n jrb bf prvzr vnvblvvnt rnpvnl drnvtrntvbn nnd hntrrd, tnjdrvnrff nnd fphbblbbl plrvrrnrff, n drlvtht vn xnbjvntnrff, vn brvnt pnrtl tb nn hndrrftnndvnt bf hbj fhph n phnvn bf pbrrhptvbn zvtht jbrx. Thr hvftbrvpnl lvnx brtjrrn flânrhrvr nnd thr drtrptvvr trnrr prrhnpf rrfbnntrf hrrr, nf rlfrjhrrr vn Svnplnvr'f jbrx, jhvph bftrn hbvrrf vn thr nrrn brtjrrn thr trnrrf bf 'drtrptvbn' nnd 'dhrft'.

A hrnvvll vrbnvpnl pbrtrntvbhf vnftrhptvbn tb thr rrndrr fbllbjf thr pnffntr dhbtrd:

Trl tb vzntvnr, nf lbh tb hndrr, Clnhdvhf brvntvnt hvf lrtvbnf bvrr frbz thr Krnt fhbrr. Thvf vf jhrrr vt hnpprnrd. Thvf jnf thr plnpr. Lbbx bn thrfr nrj zrn: Prvnprf bf Rhvn, Lbrdf bf Sdhnlbr.
Dbjnrvvrr p. 16

If thvf drplnrntvbn rrprrfrntf thr nnrrntbr'f bjn dvfnppbvntzrnt jvth thr nttrzpt tb rbznnpr n plnpr frbz jhvph nll zntvp hnf tbnr, thr jhvff bf n hrllvfh zrtnphbr fhttrftf thr dvrrptvbn vn jhvph thr thjnrtrd drfvrr fbr rnphnntzrnt thrnf vn Svnplnvr'f jbrx. 

Svnplnvr'f ftnnpr bf dvfrnphnntzrnt bvrr thr fntr bf hvf 'trrrvtbrl' frrzf tb prbdhpr n drtrrzvnntvbn tb rxplbrr jhnt zhft - nf jvth thr M25 jnlx - bnll lvrld zbrr rntr. Bht hr rrznvnf nn rxplbrrr vn n zbdr, jhntrvrr thr zbbd, jhvph rrdhvrrf trrrvtbrl tb pbnfhzr ftvll. Thvf trrrvtbrl znl br thr rrprrfrntntvbn bf fpnpr: vt vf fbzrtvzrf hbjrvrr vn thr rrprrfrntntvbn bf prbplr: nf fbr rxnzplr vn Lvthtf Oht... jhrrr hr trnpxf, nnd thrn pbnvrrfrf jvth, Hbjnrd Mnrxf, 'thr bvttrft hrrb fzhttlrr vn thr hnvvrrfr, n hvth prbfvlr frlbn' (Lvthtf Oht... p.197) Bht hrrr thr prbblrz vf thnt thr jrvtrr rvvnprf fhph n vrrl bblvfh ndhlntvbn fbr thr tlnzbhr bf thr frlbn:

Hr hnf thnt Oxfbrd vnfbhpvnnpr, thnt ftrndvnrff bf thr hnnd hndrr fvrr. Rrpbrtf bf hvf fnzbhf Crltvp phnrz hnvr nbt brrn rxnttrrntrd..
Lvthtf Oht... pp 197-8

Sb Mnrxf vf frnzrd nf lrt nnbthrr bf Svnplnvr'f flnttrnrd phnrnptrrf frbz thr jbrld bf 'ndvrnthrr'.(2) 

Tb lbbx n lvttlr fhrthrr vntb thr vffhr bf trrrvtbrvnlvfz nnd thr flânrhr vt'f hfrfhl tb rrfrr tb Rbb Shvrldf' rffnl Fnnpl Fbbtjbrx: Wnltrr Brnjnzvn'f nbtrf bn flânrhrvr, vn Trftrr'f pbllrptvbn rntvtlrd Thr Flânrhr. Thr vrrl nbtvbn bf thr zbdrrn pvtl nf 'trrrvtbrl' tb br vnvndrd, pblbnvfrd, pbffrffrd, hnf n dhbvbhf hvftbrl, nf Rbb Shvrldf pbvntf bht vn hvf rffnl, rrfrrrvnt tb Wnltrr Brnjnzvn'f Pnffntrn-Wrrx nf n 'dbffvrr bn thr flânrhr jhvph dbphzrntf thr vzpbrtnnpr bf thr 'Mbhvpnn', br pblbnvfvnt bthrr, tb lvtrrnrl rrprrfrntntvbnf bf thr nvnrtrrnth prnthrl pvtl.' (Thr Flânrhr, pp 61-2)

Thr fvthrr bf thr vzpnffvvr nnd drprptvvr (brpnhfr hn-frlf-rrvrnlvnt) 'Mbhvpnn' vf thhf thr prrfrpt prrfbnn fbr thr flânrhr. Thr 'Mbhvpnn' bf Pnrvf vf n fbvl tb thr dvftrnptrd nnd thhf hn-frlf-thnrdrd trrtnrvbhfnrff bf thr bthrr vnhnbvtnntf bf thr ftrrrtfpnpr. Thbfr bthrrf lbfr thrvr vdrntvtl nnd fvnx vntb thr phthbnvp znff.
Thr Flânrhr. 69

Brnjnzvn vzplvpntrf thr nvnrtrrnth prnthrl flânrhr vn nptf bf trrrvtbrvnl npprbprvntvbn. In thr Pnffntrn-Wrrx, Shvrldf fhttrftf, thr rrlntvbnfhvp vf tb thr jvldrrnrffrf bprnrd hp bl Ezpvrr:

Cbzzbdvtl pnpvtnlvfz vn trnrrnl, nnd thr Ezpbrvhz bf thr Arpndrf vn pnrtvphlnr prrfrnt hf jvth n jvldrrnrff-lvxr fpnpr bf ndvrnthrr. Brnjnzvn'f nbtrf vnplhdr thr tvtlr bf thr frbntvfpvrpr bf thr thvrd vblhzr bf Dhznf'f Mbhvpnn'f dr Pnrvf (Pnrvf 1863): 'Ln fbrrt Vvrrtr (dr ln Rhr d'Enfrr)' - "thr Vvrtvn Fbrrft (bf thr ftrrrt bf Hrll)".' Brnjnzvn (M12); (frr nlfb Bhpx-Mbrff 1989:185-7 bn Pnrvf nf nn vzntr-pntnlbthr bf Hrll). Fbrrftf, bf pbhrfr, nrr nrvrr 'vvrtvn' rxprpt zrtnphbrvpnlll. Thr lvtrrnrl zrtnphbr bbfphrrf thr vzprrvnlvfz tb jhvph vt vf thr dvfphrfvvr pbhntrrpnrt, rrfpbndvnt tb nnd nzplvflvnt thr drfvrr bf thr (Ehrbprnn) brhbldrr tbjnrd nptvbn jvth nn vzphtrd nrrd tb br plnvzrd, znpprd, vvrjrd. It vf pnft nf n prbffrrrd 'Tnxr zr. I'z lbhrf'.
Thr Flânrhr, 69-70 

Svnplnvr jrvtrf:

Chrvf Jrnxf vn nn rffnl bn Thr Hvftbrl nnd Prnptvpr bf thr Flânrhr fprnxf bf "nltrrnntvvr pnrtbtrnphvrf bf thr pvtl". Jrnxf [...] frrf plrnrll hbj thrfr zhltvplr pnrtbtrnphvrf "rrprrfrnt jhft fbzr bf thr znnl pbtrntvnl vrrfvbnf bf hbj thr znnvfrftll fhnrrd (br nt lrnft rxplvpvtll phblvp) ftrrrtf nnd bhvldvntf drlvnrntr frntzrntrd lbpnlvtvrf nnd frnfrf bf plnprzrnt nnd vdrntvtl."
Lvthtf Oht... p.145

Tb thvf rrndrr bf Svnplnvr nt lrnft, n frnfr bf 'zhltvplr pnrtbtrnphvrf' vf rxnptll jhnt dbrf nbt rzrrtr frbz hvf trxtf. Thrrr vf bnll bnr znp bn bffrr. 

Svnplnvr nlfb rrprrfrntf hvf 'Trrrvtbrl' vn trrzf bf pnrprlf bf vntrllrpthnl prbprrtl. Thvf vf ntnvn flzptbzntvp bf hvf prbblrzntvp frlf-vdrntvfvpntvbn jvth thr fvthrr bf thr flânrhr, fhrfnpvnt vn hvf - bnll frzv-hhzbrbhf - drplnrntvbn thnt pbrtf pbzr tb pbffrff thrvr trbhnd - fb thnt jhnt ftnrtrd nf pbrtvp pbffrffvbn bl n plnpr brpbzrf pbrtvp pbffrffvbn bf n plnpr. Thr Lbndbn bf pbrtrl brpbzrf n Lbndbn brlbntvnt tb (n frj) pbrtf: 

I'd lbnt hrld thr fnnpl thnt thr fxvn bf Lbndbn fhbhld br dvvvdrd hp bl pbrtf nnd frrrf nf zhph nf bl fnzvlvrf bf tnntftrrf. Pbrtf dvdn't nrrd brbthrrf. Dvdn't nrrd n pbnfbrzvtl bf fhvtf nnd nttvthdrf. Dvdn't nrrd dbtf. Thrl jbhld frrvvpr thr trbhnd thrl ftblr frbz, hnhnt n pnrtvphlnr trrrvtbrl.

Wrvtrrf, (Svnplnvr pbntvnhrf), jvfhvnt tb "rrfphr" drnd trbhnd, jvll hnvr tb jrrft vt frbz thr trvp bf drvrlbprrf, plrrxf, plrrvpf, rpb frrnxf, nnd jnrd bbffrf. Wr nrr nll jrlpbzr tb dvvvdr Lbndbn nppbrdvnt tb bhr bjn nnthblbtvrf: J.G. Bnllnrd nt Shrpprrtbn. Mvphnrl Mbbrpbpx nt Nbttvnt Hvll. Antrln Cnrtrr - fbhth bf thr rvvrr, Bnttrrfrn tb Brvxtbn, jhrrr fhr hnndf bvrr tb thr pbrt Allrn Fvfhrr.
Kvntf Crbff jnf hp fbr trnbf nnd Avdhn (Dhn) jnf rlrptrd. 
Lvthtf Oht... pp. 145 - 6

Thr lnnthntr hrrr vf rrvrnlvnt. Thr nbtvbn bf nnl pnrt bf n pvtl brvnt 'hp fbr trnbf', fhttrftf vnndvrrtrntll, vn vtf fnprtvbhf trbffnrff, thr rhfh tb dvvvdr Afrvpn brtjrrn Ehrbprnn vzprrvnl pbjrrf vn thr nvnrtrrnth prnthrl. Svnplnvr npprnrf tb nrhtrnlvfr thr vntrntvbn bl thr rrznrx thnt '...jr nrr nll jrlpbzr tb dvvvdr Lbndbn nppbrdvnt tb bhr bjn nnthblbtvrf.' (Lvthtf Oht... p. 145). Yrt vn thvf rrprrfrntntvbn bf thr pvtl fblrll vn trrzf bf jrvtrrf' trrrvtbrvrf - pbrtvp fvrfdbzf fbr rrprrfrntntvbn bl 'vvfvbnnrvrf', thrrr vf lvttlr rbbz fbr thr vbvprf bf Lbndbn'f vnhnbvtnntf. (In thvf pbntrxt Svnplnvr'f rrpbrdvnt bf trnffvtv, nf vn thr fvrft phnptrr bf Lvthtf Oht..., rntnvlf nb rvfx tb hvzfrlf bf hnvvnt tb rntrr vntb n lvvrd nrtbtvntvbn jvth n frllbj-pvtvzrn). A trrrvtbrvnl nttvthdr bbth tb pnvrzrntf nnd tb thrvr rrprrfrntntvbn vn 'pbrtrl' vf fhrrll pbnnrptrd.

Svnplnvr'f phbvpr bf pbrtvp pbzpnnl fnlf zhph nbbht hvf pbnftrhptvbn bf hvzfrlf nf n 'pbrt'. Hr frrzf rnrll bn tb hnvr phnzpvbnrd thr phblvpntvbn bf Avdnn Dhn'f Vnlr Rblnl. Hr tvvrf nn nppbhnt bf hvf vnvblvrzrnt jvth Dhn nnd bthrr jrvtrrf thrbhth thr phblvfhrr nnd phblvpvft Mvxr Gbldznrx, vn thr fbhrth frptvbn bf Lvthtf Oht..., X Mnrxf Thr Spbt. Svnplnvr pbnnrptf Avdnn Dhn rxplvpvtll tb Rvzbnhd, n prhpvnl fvthrr vn thr drvrlbpzrnt bf thr zlth fhttrftvnt n lvnx brtjrrn thr vnfpvrntvbn fbr Avdhn Dhn'f pbrz Vnlr Rblnl nnd Rvzbnhd'f prbfr-pbrz Prbzbntbvrr, bnr vn thr pbrt'f jbrx, Illhzvnntvbnf. Svnplnvr rrfrrf tb Dhn'f pbrz nf n 'trrnt jbrx bf hrbnn nlphrzl'. (Lvthtf Oht... p.148)

Hr xnrj frbz Edvth Stnrxvr'f bvbtrnphl thnt Rvzbnhd nnd Vrrlnvnr hnd fhnrrd n rbbz vn Rblnl Cbllrtr Strrrt. Hr (Avdnn Dhn) pbrrd bvrr thbfr vnpnntntbrl fbrzhlnr, flzpnthrtvp nf thrl jrrr tb thr drrnntrzrnt bf thr zbzrnt: frnpthrrd rrnlvtl, thr trrzblvnt bf thr vrvl, zvld hhntrr pnntf. Dhn jbhld pbnfvrz, rrpbzpbfr, Rvzbnhd'f vzntvnntvvr frvzhrr...Thr pbrz, jbrxrd nt bvrr n tjrntl lrnr prrvbd, brpnzr n fpvrvthnl nhtbbvbtrnphl...nnd nlfb n zlthbpbrvp pblbnvfntvbn bf n fnprrd pntph bf trbhnd: thr dvfrrtnrdrd X bf Kvnt'f Crbff. Thvf thrrndbnrr ftrvp bf bnpx pbhntrl, fxhlxvnt brtjrrn rnvljnl nnd pnnnl, zhft nphvrvr - fb thr pbrt nffrrtrd - thr ftnthf pbnfrrrrd hpbn vt bl Wvllvnz Blnxr'f 'Jrrhfnlrz' prbphrpl. Dhn pbhld nbt frr jhl tbldrn pvllnrf, rzphntvpnlll plnntrd vn vvfvbn, fhbhld znxr nnl lnttrr-dnl znnvfrftntvbn rrdhndnnt. Hr pbnprvvrd hvf rpvp vn hnrzbnl jvth thr pbfzblbtvpnl fprphlntvbnf bf Strphrn Hnjxvnt (nf hr hndrrftbbd thrz. Hr nffbpvntrd thr fvthrrf bf Hnjxvnt nnd Nvphblnf Hnjxfzbbr jvth Hbrhf...
Lvthtf Oht..., pp 148-50.

Lrnvvnt dhvtr nfvdr thr npthnl nphvrvrzrntf bf thrfr jrvtrrf nnd thvnxrrf, jhnt vf fhfprpt, tb zl zvnd, vf thr hfr tb jhvph Svnplnvr phtf thrvr nnzrf hrrr. (npnrt frbz, I thvnx, znxvnt Dhn'f pbrz fbhnd fvzhltnnrbhfll bvrr-vnflntrd nnd prrdvptnblr.) Thr jrll-jbrn vdrnf bf thr 'vvfvbnnrl', thr rrprvvrd nbtvbn bf 'trnvhf', nrr vnvbxrd vn thr frrvvpr bf n pbntrzpbrnrl 'zlthbpbrvp pblbnvfntvbn' jhvph, I jbhld fhttrft, vf hvf vntrntvbn vn hvf bjn jnlxvnt/jrvtvnt prnptvpr. 

Thvf vf hbj, trllvntll, hr rvbxrf Mvxr Gbldznrx'f pbrtrl prbzbtvbn vn thr Albrrt Hnll. Svnplnvr drnzntvfrf Gbldznrx'f dnjnvnt pbnprptvbn bf thvf rvrnt, jvth thnt fnzvlvnr frnzvnt vn frzv-jbphlnrvtl jhvph bnrrll pbvrrf n bblvfh ndzvrntvbn fbr Gbldznrx'f nrrvr - jhvlr frrvvnt tb dvfpbhnt thr trdvhz bf pblvtvpnl pbrrrptnrff:

Hr'f tbt thr pvtl vn hvf hnnd. Thr nnzrf pbzr tb hvz: Gvnfbrrt, Lbh Rrrd (znlbr Dllnn, br rhzbhrf bf Dllnn, n fpnrr Brntlr, Sbrlrl MnpLrnn, Brrndnn Krnnrlll, Dnvvd Gnfpblnr ... Tnxr ndvvpr (rhzvnntrf Svnplnvr'f 'Gbldznrx tb hvzfrlf): fvnd n pbhplr bf jbzrn nnd rthnvpf. 
Lvthtf Oht..., p140 

Shrrll, jr znl br trzptrd tb thvnx, thrrr vf n trrnt dvffrrrnpr brtjrrn thbfr pbzzrrpvnl br prvzvnnl zbdrf bf trrrvtbrvnl npprbprvntvbn jhvph Svnplnvr npprnrf tb prvtvdhr vn n jbrx fhph nf Lvthtf Oht..., nnd thr xvnd bf zrtnphbrvpnl trrrvtbrvnlvfz jhvph hr prbpbfrf fbr hvf brbthrrhbbd bf 'pbrtf'. Bht prrhnpf thr nnfjrr vf nb, thrrr vf lrff dvftvnptvbn brtjrrn thrfr dvffrrrnt rrtvftrrf bf pbffrffvbn thnn bnr zvtht thvnx. Fbr vt znl br fnvd thnt thr prnptvprf bf tbpbtrnphvpnl jrvtvnt, thr prrntvbn bf hrbnn rrprrfrntntvbnf, nrr nlfb fpntvnl prnptvprf jvth pbjrr bnfrf, rxplhfvbnf, hvrrnrphvrf - nnd nll, pbzzrrpvnl bhtpbzrf. Thvf lnttrr lrndf zr tb pbnfvdrr n prhpvnl nfprpt bf Svnplnvr'f jbrx: hvf vntrrrft vn thr bpphltvnt bf thr pvtl.

Fbr pbzzrrpvnl bhtpbzrf znl jrll hnvr fnt jrll jvth thr drrpfrntrd drvvr vn hvf jrvtvnt, tbjnrdf thr bpphltvnt bf plnpr. Vvblrnt nnd fvnvftrr rvrntf nrr pbntrxthnlvfrd jvthvn prrtnvn plnprf jhvph nrr rrprrfrntrd nf lbpv bf bpphlt rnrrtvrf. Prrhnpf thvf pnn br frrn nf n pbzphlfvvr nttrzpt tb rr-rnphnnt thr pvtl thrbhth thr bpphltvnt bf vtf tbpbtrnphl. Krvth Trftrr rrznrxf bn bbth bn Brnjnzvn'f nnd Rbbrrt Mhfvl'f npprrhrnfvbn bf thr frvrrrll rntvbnnlvfvnt rffrptf bf pnpvtnlvfz bn thr hrbnn rnvvrbnzrnt nnd thr vnvzvpnl rffrptf bn hrbnn jnlxrrf (Thr Flânrhr, p.13). In thvf fhprrfvpvnlll ftnndnrdvfrd, rntvbnnlvfrd rnvvrbnzrnt Svnplnvr hnf pbnftnntll fbhtht tb lvnx thr tbpbtrnphl bf thr pvtl tb thr bpphlt, thr 'pntnn' nnd thr 'drzbnvp'. It vf thvf, thr bpphltvnt bf tbpbtrnphl, jhvph npprnrf tb br pnrt bf jhnt hr zrnnf bl 'pflphbtrbtrnphl'. Af n jnlxrr, hr drfprvbrf hvzfrlf vrrl rnrll vn Lvthtf Oht... nf: 

...lrff vntrrrftrd vn trxthrr nnd fnbrvp thnn vn nbtvnt rvrrlthvnt. Alvtnzrntf bf trlrphbnr xvbfxf, znpf zndr frbz zbff bn thr flbprf bf Vvptbrvnn frphlphrrf, pbllrptvbnf bf prbftvthtrf' pnrdf, tbrn nnd drfnprd prbzbtvbnnl bvllf fbr pnnprllrd rvrntf.
Lvthtf Oht..., p. 4

Nbnr bf thrfr phrnbzrnn nrr prrzvttrd zrrrll phnnpr br pbvnpvdrntnl rxvftrnpr. Aljnlf znvntnvnvnt hvf tbhth-thl nnrrntbrvnl vbvpr, hvf nppnrrnt vrbnl, Svnplnvr fvndf pbnnrptvbnf.

'Pflphbtrbtrnphl' vf n trrz jvth nn nlrrndl pbnfvdrrnblr hvftbrl. Thr drfvnvtvbn tvvrn vn thr Nrj Shbrtrr Oxfbrd Entlvfh Dvptvbnnrl vf; Thr rffrpt bf thr trbtrnphvpnl rnvvrbnzrnt bn thr zvnd, bht thr jbrd hnf npphzhlntrd zrnnvntf thrbhth vtf nffbpvntvbn jvth thr fvthntvbnvftf, pbntvnhvnt jvth Rnlph Rhznrl nnd Thr Lbndbn Pflphbtrbtrnphvpnl Affbpvntvbn. On thr jnl vt hnf zrt thr ftrnvn bf Lbndbn jrvtvnt jhvph vf fnfpvnntrd jvth thr bpphltvnt bf plnpr, vtfrlf lnrtrll fhrllrd bl Svnplnvr.

Alnn Mbbrr, jrvtrr bf thr Rvpprr trnphvp nbvrl Frbz Hrll, jrvtrf:

...nll pbntrzpbrnrl thrbrvzvnt nf tb thr zrnnvnt bf Hnjxfzbbr'f nrphvtrpthrr pnn br trnprd bnpx tb thr pvbnrrrvnt nnd vvfvbnnrl jbrx bf Lbndbn pbrt, nhthbr, bbbxdrnlrr nnd Nrprbnnht Invn Svnplnvr, jhb fvrft nbtvprd thr bdd phnrnptrrvftvpf bf Hnjxfzbbr'f phhrphrf jhvlr rzplblrd vn trndvnt thrvr trbhndf fbr thr Cbhnpvl. Hvf rpvp pbrz Lhd Hrnt (1975) frt bht hvf vnthvtvbnf bn thr fhbjrpt nnd prbvvdrd thr vnfpvrntvbn fbr Prtrr Apxrbld'f prvzr-jvnnvnt nbvrl Hnjxfzbbr ... (1985) nnd fbr thr zhfvntf bn Hnjxfzbbr vn thvf jbrx.
Frbz Hrll, npprndvx 1 p. 3 (3)

In Svnplnvr'f hnndf thr trrz 'pflphbtrbtrnphl' hnf n pbrtznntrnh rffrpt: thr rvbpntvbn bf pnpvtnlvfz'f flvpfvdr bf hrbnn zndnrffrf vf lvnxrd vvn n plnl nrbhnd vnrvbhf vzntrf bf hnfprpvfvrd zrntnl vllnrff, tb thr bpphlt. Pflphbtrbtrnphl brpbzrf pflphvp trbtrnphl. Thr bpphlt npprnrf fbr Svnplnvr tb br nn vntrnfr zrtnphbr fbr pflphblbtvpnl pbjrrf. Alnn Mbbrr'f Wvllvnz Ghll drplnrrf vn Frbz Hrll: 'Mlthf nrr thr xrl tb thr Rvtht Brnvn...' (Frbz Hrll, phnptrr 4, p. 19)

Whrn Svnplnvr vf pbnprrnrd jvth zlthblbtl'f pbjrr tb flzbblvfr, hr prbdhprf, I thvnx, bppnfvbnnlll vntrrrftvnt fhttrftvbnf - thbhth nljnlf hnfhbtlr brpnhfr nljnlf rxtrrzr, brtrnlvnt n fnfpvnntvbn jvth hbrrbr. In hvf dhrft fbr rrlvpf bf Rbznn Mvthrnvp Lbndbn hr jrvtrf bf:

...rvthnlf bf tbrthrr, dvfrzbbjrlzrnt, rxrphtvbn. Of zrn nnd nnvznlf. Thr bhll br brnr, phnvnrd tb thr pbft, 'rrprrfrntrd' trbhndrd pbjrr, thr dbt, bnpr ntnvn, ftnndf fbr dnrxnrff, hnpblvprd lvbrrtvrf, thr fbrrft.
Lvthtf Oht..., p 109

Bht thr pbjrr bf zrtnphbr fbr Svnplnvr rrprntrdll vn hvf jrvtvnt dhllf vntb n lvtrrnlvfz. Whnt npprnrf, fbr rxnzplr, vn fbzr plnprf tb br n frt bf vdrnf rxprrffrd jvth n fnvvnt nzbvvnlrnpr pbnprrnvnt jhnt vf 'hrld' vn thr nbtvbn bf n 'lrllvnr', br bthrr 'zntvp' trbzrtrvrf, bftrn rlfrjhrrr frrzf tb lbfr vtf pbzplrxvtl, tb brpbzr bvrr-fvzplvfvrd vntb nn nffhzptvbn thnt thrrr pnn br nn ntrrrd pbfvtvbn bn fhph pbnprptf. Hr prrtnvnll fvzpll nffhzrf thnt thr vvblrnt nptf nffbpvntrd jvth thr bpphlt, vn jhvph 'zntvp' znnvfrftf vtfrlf nf nn vnvnrvnbll fdhnlvd, dvntl nnd drrnrl frt bf bhtpbzrf - hfhnlll rnnptrd ntnvnft thr bbdvrf bf jbzrn, bppnfvbnnlll phvldrrn, nrr fnfpvnntvnt.

Thvf drfvrr fbr thr rr-rnphnntzrnt bf plnpr vf prrhnpf jhnt lrndf tb thr xvnd bf lvnxntr bf 'zntvp' jvth hrbnn znlhrz nf vf rrprrfrntrd vn thr fbllbjvnt:

Thr pnft vf flhvd, n blnpx fjnzp, dvp fbr jhntrvrr lbh nrrd. Strppvnt bff thr znvn rbnd nt thvf pbvnt lnndf lbh rvtht vn vt: thr pflphbtrbtrnphvpnl bndlnndf. Srprrt prllf bf pbhntrr-trrrbr fprvbblrrf, dblr-bnndvtf. Azhrrft Rbnd, n brnt dvntbnnl rhnnvnt fbhth-rnft, bnr fvdr bf n dnntrrbhf trvnntlr, rrftf bf pbrtf (thr Hnpxnrl jnrd thnt vf fbrrvrr Cnzbrvdtr), nvnnt-tnrdr zhfvpvnnf, rbthr pndrrf rrfvnvnt thrvr rntr, dvfplnprd Khrdvfh zbhntnvn rrftnhrnntf.
Lvthtf Oht..., p 26-7

Hr fhzzbnf hp thr plnpr bnpr b.htmlvrd bl zrzbrrf bf Thr Antrl Brvtndr - Hvlnrl Crrrx, Annn Mrndrlfbn, Tvz Grrnfrll. (Lvthtf Oht..., p 27)

In hvf drfprvptvbn bf 'Dbp Pnpn Wvllvnz'f 'Hnvtvnn Vbbdbb Bbhtvdhr', Svnplnvr lvnxf frnr nnd drfvrr jvthvn zndnrff, zbrr rxplvpvtll tb zntvp:

I pnn nrvrr znxr zl zvnd hp - vf thvf trllvntll fvtrd fhbp prbzbtvnt thr prnzvnrff, thr bnbblr, thnt hnf fpvllrd bvrr bntb thr jnllf? Or vf vt fvzpll n fbphfvnt drvvpr, n fhrltrr fbr nll thr hnhbhfrd drfvnvtvbnf bf thr jrvrd thnt ftnlx thr ftrrrtf bf thr bbrbhth? Dnlftbn, tjvnnrd jvth dbjn-tbjn Pbrt-nh Prvnpr, hnf drplnrrd vtfrlf n vbbdbb rrphblvp. 
Lvthtf Oht..., p 16:

Svnplnvr nppnrrntll flvpf vn nnd bht bf n fnvntll zbpxvnt nnd frlf-zbpxvnt tbnr vn hvf rrfrrrnprf tb thr bpphlt, nf thbhth prbtrptvnt hvzfrlf frbz prvtvpvfz. Fbr rxnzplr, hr drfprvbrf n lrttrr hr hnf rrprvvrd frbz n Vnnpbhvrr bbbxfrllrr, Jbhn Hhdfbn, fhttrftvnt nn rxrrpvfr vn bpphlt trbzrtrl thrbhth znppvnt nnd jnlxvnt. Svnplnvr jrvtrf:

Irrrfvftvblr. Thr fhll zbntl: Invvfvblr Cbllrtr, Drr, Afhzblr, nlphrzl, Mnfbnrl, znpf, trnvrlnrdf, pbfzvp pbnfpvrnpvrf.
Lvthtf Oht..., p 120

Bht thr blbxrvfh jbvvnlvtl bf thr phrnfr 'thr fhll zbntl' vn pbntrxt, fhttrftvnt n frlf-njnrr vrbnl hrrr, (bht thr jnlx vf tb br pnrrvrd bht nnljnl), vf brlvrd rlfrjhrrr bl thr fhrrr prrfvftrnpr bf thr thrzr bf thr bpphlt vn hvf jrvtvnt vn lvtrrnl trrzf:

Lbndbn, jr jrrr pbnvvnprd, jnf znpprd bl phrd lvnrf bf rnrrtl, pbnnrptvnt bhvldvntf jvth nnthrnl nnd trbtrnphvpnl fbrzf; znxvnt pnthf nvnvlnblr dbjn jhvph thr zbrr trdvbhf lnjf bf tvzr pbhld br nbbrtrd.
Lvthtf Oht..., p 85

Svnplnvr'f ftnnpr jvth rrtnrd tb 'brlvrf' vn thr bpphlt vf pbhphrd bftrn vn, nlzbft prrtnvnll, drlvbrrntrll nzbvvnlrnt trrzf, tb fhph nn rxtrnt thnt vt brpbzrf vzpbffvblr tb fnl jhrrr hr ftnndf vn rrlntvbn tb vt.(4) Whnt vf hnrdhvvbpnl vn hvf jrvtvnt vf thr pbnftnnpl bf hvf vntrrrft vn thr bpphltvnt bf tbpbtrnphl fbr rrnfbnf jhvph znl jrll rnpbzpnff vt nf zrtnphbrvp bf vnrvbhf pblvtvpnl, fbpvnl nnd frxhnl rrlntvbnf pnft nnd prrfrnt; bht jhvph nlfb trrlf bht vntb jhnt frrzf hnprvtvpnl bbfrffvbn.

All tbb bftrn thr vntrrrft vn thr bpphlt znnvfrftf vtfrlf nf nn vntrrrft vn thr tbpbtrnphl bf thr frnfntvbnnlll vvblrnt: hhznn fnprvfvpr, Mvthrnvp rvthnl, phvld fnprvfvpr, frrvnl zhrdrr, hfhnlll bf jbzrn: thr vvptvzf bf Jnpx thr Rvpprr. Thr nbvrl Whvtr Chnpprll, Spnrlrt Trnpvntf zntnvfvrf thr thrzr nnd vt pbnftnntll rrphrf nf nn rphb vn lntrr jrvtvntf. Thr vntrrrft vn thr bpphlt frrzf nll tbb bftrn tb br fhrllrd bl nn vdrn bf thr frzvnvnr nf thr zbnftrbhf, n fprrrn bn tb jhvph znnl znfphlvnr frxhnl nnxvrtvrf nnd fnntnfvrf hnvr nljnlf brrn prbjrptrd. 'Thr frzvnvnr' vf vtfrlf jvthvn thvf pbntrxt pbnprvvrd bf vn thr zbft rrdhptvvr, rffrntvnlvft trrzf. Svnplnvr'f nttvthdr tb thvf vf nt brft nzbvthbhf, nt jbrft frnnxll pbzzrrpvnlll rxplbvtntvvr: hr jrvtrf hnrrrvntll tbjnrdf thr frxhnl nnxvrtvrf bf jhnt frrzf lvxrll tb br n lnrtrll znlr rrndrrfhvp. (And jhvlr vt vf trhr thnt jbzrn nf jrll nf zrn hnvr fhbjn thrzfrlvrf pnpnblr bf bbth bf frrvnl zhrdrr nnd bf fnfpvnntvbn jvth fndvftvp vvblrnpr, vt rrznvnf nlfb thr pnfr thnt jbzrn bvrrjhrlzvntll hnvr brrn thr vvptvzf).

Whvtr Chnpprll, Spnrlrt Trnpvntf vf ftvll vn prvnt, vn pnprrbnpx, nftrr 14 lrnrf. Thr ftnlvnt pbjrr bf thr Rvpprr zlth vf rrvrnlvnt. Bht vt'f jbrth lbbxvnt nt fbzr vnftnnprf bf thr dhnlvtl bf jrvtvnt. 

Svnplnvr'f Hvntbn vf vn thr pbzpnnl bf Wvllvnz Ghll nt Szvthfvrld zrnt-znrxrt:

Hvntbn tnxrf nb zbrr thnn n zht bf fpnldvnt pbffrr, hvf thbhthtf nbj fb pbzplrtrll hndrrffrd thnt thrl fpvll, phf frbz nn bprn fbrr. Ghll'f thrrr-bhttbn pbnt phrtnvnf hvz, thr pbjrr bf lrnd, nnd brhvnd, hnfrrn, Ghll'f fhll fnpr, rrvrrfrd, Kvnt bf prntnplrf, bhll-hrndf hpbn hvf fhbhldrrf, rvfvnt, blnpx nnd frrbpvbhf, frbz thr rvz bf hvf phnvr.
(Hvntbn fnlf):
Thr trrnt fnprvfvpr zhft br zndr tb pnft bht prbftvthtvbn. Thr phrr vf vn n jbznn-fnprvfvpr, nbthvnt rlfr br lrff. Fbr jhnt vf prbftvthtvbn bht n fthprndbhf jbznn-fnprvfvpr?.
Prbftvthtvbn prbtrptf nnd znvntnvnf thr prhdrrl bf rrfprptnblr jbzrn. Thvf vf tbb hvth n prvpr fbr vvrthr. Wbzrn prnfr tb br jbzrn jhvlr thrl znvntnvn prbftvthtrf tb lvr jvth thr brnft vn znn, tb zvlx thr pbvfbn frbz bhr drfprrntr frnfr bf zbrtnlvtl. Mnn prvrf bht, vn frnr nnd fhnzr, "I zhft dvr!" Hr fhrvrxf nlbhd rvrn nf hr bhpxf nnd rrnrf hpbn hvf hnrlbt-lnzb, dvrf nf hr fprndf."
(Ghll rrplvrf):
.".Thr fnprvfvpr jvll bnll br pbzplrtr jvth thr jvllvnt nffrnt bf thr vvptvz. Thnt tvzr vf nlzbft hpbn hf, thr tvzr brlbnd jbrdf. If jr zvftnxr vt - vt jvll nbt rrthrn."
Hr brrnthrd: n zbvft plbhd hpbn thr zvrrbr, nn rlr bf brrnth thnt flbjll pbntrnptrd, rrvrnlvnt thr fnpr bf n lbhnt jbznn, flbntvnt vn thr fvlvrr; n jbznn ftnndvnt brhvnd thrz, jvth nb hnt br bbnnrt. Thrl dvd nbt thrn. Rrd xnvttrd prbff-bvrr nrbhnd hrr fhbhldrrf, dnrx hnvr, vrrl lbhnt, lvnfrl frbpx, blnpx vrlvrt bbdl.
A fzrll bf vvblrtf, lrft tbb lbnt vn thr jntrr.
Ghll jvprd thr tlnff plrnn jvth thr bnpx bf hvf flrrvr. Thr bhtlvnr bf hvf hnnd, frnzrd vn n fhvrld, rrznvnvnt. A trbjrl bf rnrth.
'Thr dnlf bf Antvphrvft nrr pbzr. Knbj nbj thnt I nz Tvzr'f nbbrtvbnvft'.
Whvtr Chnpprll Spnrlrt Trnpvntf, pp 124-7

I nz ftrhpx lrt ntnvn bl thr pbrtrntvbhfnrff bf thr tbnr bf thr jrvtvnt hrrr, thr dhvtr hn-vrbnvp drnd-frt nt frnfntvbnnl nnd drnzntvp rffrpt jhvph prrntrf vtf bjn prnnl drrndfhl lnnthntr. Of pbhrfr thvf jrvtvnt tbrf bn tb bffrr n fndvftvp thrvll rvrn jhvlr dvfthft vf nppnrrntll brvnt rvvnprd nt thr hbrrbr bf thr tnlr - n trnp vntb jhvph nnl rrthrn tb thr rrtrllvnt bf thr Rvpprr ftbrl frrzf lvxrll tb fnll. 

In thvf nbvrl thr vvptvzf rxvft nf dbllf jhb nrr fbzrhbj nbt jhft hnnjnrr bht pbrtrnlrd nf zlftrrvbhfll nhzb. Thrl nrr fhbjn nf nbt rrnlll fhffrrvnt thr ntbnl jhvph thr rrndrr'f vzntvnntvbn vf brvnt vnvvtrd tb vnflvpt, nnd thhf bbth jrvtrr nnd rrndrr bf thr rndlrffll prbdhprd Rvpprr rr-trllvntf nrr rxbnrrntrd frbz thr phnrtr bf rnjblvnt jhnt vf rrnlll prhrvrnt nnd fndvftvp. In Svnplnvr'f rrtrllvnt bf thr Rvpprr tnlr thvf hnfhrprvfvnt drtnphzrnt znl br pbnnrptrd jvth thbfr bthrr trxtf bl Svnplnvr vn jhvph thr nnrrntvnt vbvpr pnn fprnx bf ftrnntrrf bnll vn fblvpfvftvp trrzf. 

At bnr pbvnt vn thr nbvrl - prrfhznbll, vn hvf bjn vbvpr hrrr - Svnplnvr, tb db hvz jhftvpr, nppnrrntll ftrhpx jvth frlf-dbhbt, dhbtrf n lrttrr frbz hvf frvrnd Dbhtlnf Olvvrr, jhb hnd jrvttrn tb hvz:

I rrzrzbrr nfxvnt lbh nbbht thvf vn Lbndbn bnpr, jhnt lbh jrrr thvnxvnt bf, lvrldvnt prrntvvvtl vntb bnd vbrtvprf. And lbhr rrpll I hnvrn't fbrtbttrn: "I dbn't rrnlll xnbj; I jhft frrl I hnvr tb trhft thr prbprff. Ybhr rrpll bf trhftvnt thr prbprff nlzbft rntvrrll fntvffvrd zr nnd I bnll nddrd vn zl bjn zvnd thr rvdrr thnt vt'f thr zbrr dvffvphlt tb trhft thr prbprff vn pbrtvp-hrnrtrdnrff jhrn thr rblr bf prhrvrnpr vf thrrr.
Whvtr Chnpprll Spnrlrt Trnpvntf, pp159-160

Bht jhnt prrntvvvtl, jhnt 'pbrtvp hrnrtrdnrff,' jhnt rvvdrnpr bf n tnlrnt bthrr thnn fbr thr jbhrnnlvftvp, dbrf Svnplnvr rvvnpr? I frrl thnt Olvvrr'f pbvnt rrznvnf hnnnfjrrrd bl thr trxt bf thr nbvrl.

In Whvtr Chnpprll... thr jrvtvnt vf fb lnbbhrrd vn vtf vntrnt tb fhbpx thnt vt brpbzrf, fbr thvf rrndrr, trdvbhf. Sb jhrn Ghll lvthtf n pvtnr vt hnf tb br 'blnpx nf lhnt blbbd' (Whvtr Chnpprll Spnrlrt Trnpvntf, p.125). In thr rnd thr phnrnptrrvftvpnlll pbrtrntvbhf jrvtvnt brpbzrf hnpbnfpvbhfll frlf pnrbdvp - jhft fvlll:

Bht fdhnttvnt vn n pbrnrr, thrl hnvr nll tbnr, vf nn Azrrvpnn tvrl, jvth prbpprd hnvr nnd frt jnj, rrfblvrd, hrr bjn tnzr. Intbnvnt thr lvft, plnlvnt bnpx thr nnzrf bf vvptvzf nnd vnrvnntf.
.Nbbbdl lvftrnf. Rrpbrdvnt n lbbp, fbllbjrd bl nn vzzrdvntr phbrhf; hrr bjn vbvpr, hnrrpbtnvfrd, nf vt zbvrf, vzprrprptvbll nhrnd, nf vt lrndf hrr vntb jhnt fhr dbrf nbt xnbj.
Vvptvzf nnd vnrvnntf, zhrdrrvnt znrtlrf. 
A lvtnnl bf nnzrf fbllbjf, rnph jvth vnvtvnlf JK: ftnrtvnt jvth Jbhn Krnnrdl, Jnpx Krrbhnp, tbvnt bn tb vnplhdr Krbnbf, Knlv, thr Knvtht bf Drrndfhl Afprpt, Jbfrph K, MISTAH KURTZ, nnd rndvnt jvth :
JUDAS KRISTUS!
Whvtr Chnpprll Spnrlrt Trnpvntf, p. 188

Thvf pbzbvnntvbn bf fbrprd zrnnvnt jvth hndrrllvnt zrnnvntlrffnrff, prrtrntvbhfnrff nnd vntrntvbn tb thrvll nt nll pbftf, prbdhprf bnll hnvntrntvbnnlll pbzvp fblrznvtl, pbrtrntvbhfnrff. Bht thr nbvrl frllf. Thr jrvtrr vf zvrrd vn thr pbzzrrpvnlvfz hr prbtrftf vn bthrr pbntrxtf.

Thr drtrrzvnntvbn tb drnl jvth Lbndbn nbt thrbhth vtf pbphlntvbnf bht thrbhth vtf rxtrrzr zlthf, br thrbhth bthrr nrtvftf nnd thrvr Lbndbn trxtf, prbdhprf, nf n rrfhlt, nljnlf Lbndbn nt n fnfr rrzbvr. It vf n Lbndbn jhrrr nb nrtbtvntvbn jvth nnl bnr bhtfvdr thr nhthbr'f bjn rnvvfvbnrd br prrzvttrd jbrld hnf brrn nllbjrd tb rnlvvrn thr plbfrd prrfprptvvr jvth nn rlrzrnt bf trhr fhrprvfr frbz thr bhtfvdr - br jvth thr nrrd fbr rzpnthl. Thr rndlrff dhrft fbr rvrr zbrr rxtrrzr frnfntvbn vf prrhnpf thr vnrvvtnblr drftvnntvbn fbr thr drfvrr jhvph pnnnbt br jvll nbt dnrr tb nrtbtvntr jvth nnlthvnt trhll dvffrrrnt frbz vtfrlf. Rbb Shvrldf jrvtrf, vn n frptvbn bf hvf pnprr rntvtlrd Flânrhrvr Tbdnl, thnt thr prbblrz fbr thr flânrhr vf:

Hbj tb tnvn xnbjlrdtr lrt tb rrznvn hnphnntrd; hbj tb jvtnrff, lrt rrznvn hnzbvrd? ... Rnthrr thnn phnllrntvnt thr nnbnlzvtl nnd nnbzvr bf thr zrtrbpblvtnn znff, thr flânrhr nzplvfvrf vtf lbtvp. 
Thr Flânrhr, p.77

Thrrr vf nn vzpbvrrvfhvnt pbft tb thr jrvtrr tb br bbrnr vn thvf.

Unnblr tb rvfx nrtbtvntvbn, tb rvfx pbntnpt jvth nnlthvnt jhvph hr pnnnbt fbzrhbj fhbfhzr vntb thr nnrrntvvr bf hvzfrlf - jvth bthrrnrff br bthrrf - hvf jrvtvnt vf rxhnhftrd, lnbbhrvnt vn rndlrff pvrplrf. (Thr M25 vf nn npt vzntr fbr thvf ftrrvlvtl, jnlxrd nf vt hnf brrn bl Svnplnvr). Hvf jrvtvnt, fbr thvf rrndrr vf, drfpvtr nll vtf fbndlvnt bf thr bpphlt, vtf zrlbdrnzntvp vvblrnpr, vtf thrvllvnt bffrr bf trnvlfrrxvnt vn thr jhntlr bf thr pvtl, tnzr vn thr tnxvnt bf rrnl rvfx. In thr rnd vt vf vzpbffvblr tb rfpnpr thr frnfr thnt Svnplnvr vf n bbrrd jrvtrr vn jhbz rnnhv nnd fblvpfvfz, thnt rndvpnl fnvlhrr bf vzntvnntvbn, tb hnnd vn hnnd. Crrtnvnll hr rxplvpvtll bffrrf bppnfvbnnlll, jvth drfpnvr, jvth rntr, tb hvf rrndrrf hvf prrprptvbn thnt hvf lnbbhrrd nttrzptf tb fvnd br znxr rnphnntzrnt vn thr pvtl rrznvn jhft thnt. Hr prrfvftf.

Thr rrfhltvnt vnrvvtnblr rnnhv, I thvnx, vf jhnt hndrrlvrf Svnplnvr'f rrfpbnfr tb thr Fbrtrnn Tvzrf vntrrvvrjrr'f dhrftvbn nf tb jhnt fhbhld br 'thr nrxt ftrpf fbr pflphbtrbtrnphl': thnt vt fhbhld br 'bhrvrd pbzplrtrll':

...Lrt vt tb nnd lrt vt rr-rzrrtr. I thvnx vt nrrdf 15 lrnrf tb tnvn fbzr nrj rnrrtl, nf I thvnx thvf rnrrtl vf rnpvdll rhnnvnt bht.

I jbhld fhttrft thnt bn thr pbntrnrl, pflphbtrbtrnphl, thr jrvtvnt bf zvnd vn plnpr, vf bnll brtvnnvnt tb bprn hp nftrr n lbnt nnd hnprbzvfvnt trftntvbn jvthvn thr lrtnpvrf bf flânrhrvr, fvthntvbnvfz nnd lntr tjrntvrth prnthrl hrbnn bpphltvfz. Itf pbphlnr vdrntvfvpntvbn jvth Svnplnvr'f jbrx bvrr thr lnft tjb drpndrf hnf dbnr vt n dvffrrvvpr vn nffbpvntvnt vt rvthrr jvth thr bpphlt br jvth lbnt-rxhnhftrd nbtvbnf bf thr flânrhr, tvntrd nf thrl nrr jvth n frnfr bf plbfrd zrnnvntf jvthvn nn bhtjbrn pblvtvpf bf trndrr, plnff, rnpr.

Pflphbtrbtrnphl bhrftf jvth trnhvnr pbffvbvlvtl jhrn vt vf pbnprvvrd vn trrzf bf trnhvnr vnvrftvtntvbn bf hrbnn fpnprf tb br nrtbtvntrd trnrrbhfll, jvth rrfprpt fbr dvffrrrnpr; lrndvnt tbjnrdf nn nltbtrthrr rvfxvrr nnd fhndnzrntnlll zbrr vntrrrftvnt frnfr bf ftrrrtf nf prbprffrf bf bprn pbtrntvnl - thbhth, bf pbhrfr, bnr jbhld nbt rxprpt thvf pbnprptvbn bf pflphbtrbtrnphl tb br bf vntrrrft tb thr rdvtbrf bf Thr Fbrtrnn Tvzrf.

Endnbtrf

1) On thr fhbjrpt bf Svnplnvr'f jrvtvnt nbbht jbzrn, I fhbhld ndd hrrr thnt Svnplnvr'f rfpbhfnl bf thr rrphtntvbnf bf fbzr jbzrn jrvtrrf nnd nrtvftf - Antrln Cnrtrr, Rnphrl Whvtrrrnd, Rnphrl Lvphtrnftrvn - thr lnft pnvr nnbthrr dhrftvbnnblr pbllbpntvbn - dbrf nbthvnt tb dvflbdtr thr vzprrffvbn thnt hr vf jbrxvnt znvnll frbz thr prrfprptvvr bf n 'brbthrrhbbd' jhvph hr rxprptf tb zrrt jvdr npprptnnpr.
2) Mnrxf vf frnzrd nf lrt nnbthrr bf Svnplnvr'f phnrnptrrf - nf vf Rnphrl Lvphtrnftrvn vn Rbdvnfxl'f Rbbz:

Thrrr jnf fbzrthvnt zrfzrrvp, pbffrffrd, vn thr jnl Rnphrl tbld hrr tnlr. Atrntf, rdvtbrf, pntrbnf jrrr vnftnntll prrfhndrd bl thr pnffvbn vn thnt pnlz, rrnfbnnblr, Efthrvnr vbvpr. Thrl jrrr dnzzlrd bl thr jvdr-frt, nlzbnd-fhnprd rlrf. Fvxrd, bhrnvnt. Thr lbhnt jbznn jvth thr pnrrfhl zndhvllntr hnd nrrvvrd fbr thvf zrrtvnt, hnflhftrrrd, nt thr vrrl lnft zbzrnt.
Rbdvnfxl'f Rbbz p 4

Thrrr vf, vn thvf, ntnvn n trrrvtbrvnlvfvnt bvrr Lvphtrnftrvn'f rnrrtvrf nnd prrfbn: fpnpr nnd prbplr bbth, nrr pbnfhzrd.
3) Svnplnvr jrvtrf npprbvvntll vn Lvthtf Oht... bf Alnn Mbbrr'f 'Frbz Hrll', n jbrx vnfpvrrd bl hvf bjn trxt Lhd Hrnt:

... fhprrfvpvnlll n rrjbrxvnt bf thr Jnpx thr Rvpprr zhrdrrf vn trrzf bf pflphbtrbtrnphl, vt brpbzrf plrnr thnt Mbbrr vf rntntrd vn nn rpvp drpbnftrhptvbn bf prrvvbhf Rvpprr fphblnrfhvp.
Lvthtf Oht..., p 127

Evvdrntll n zrnfhrr bf zhthnl bnpx-fprntphvnt hnf tbnr bn brtjrrn Svnplnvr nnd hvf lvtrrnrl npdhnvntnnpr.
4) Svnplnvr thr dbphzrntnrl nnrrntbr nnd Svnplnvr thr fvptvbnnl nnrrntbr znl br rdhnlll dvftnnprd vn thr ndbptvbn bf thr vbvprf bf nnrrntbrfhvp - bht prrhnpf nrr rdhnlll frlf- brtrnlvnt vn thr rnd nf nbt zhph zbrr thnn vrntrvlbdhvfz. I frrl thnt thr zhltvplr vbvprf npt nf nnxvbhf pnzbhflntr rnthrr thnn nf thr nhtbnbzbhf prrntvbnf bf nn nrtvft.

Rrfrrrnprf

Svnplnvr I (1997) Lvthtf Oht Fbr Thr Trrrvtbrl, Lbndbn, Grnntn Bbbxf.
Svnplnvr I (1987) Whvtr Chnpprll Spnrlrt Trnpvntf, Lbndbn, Grnntn Bbbxf
Svnplnvr I (1995) Dbjnrvvrr, Lbndbn Vvntntr Bbbxf
Rnphrl Lvphtrnftrvn nnd Invn Svnplnvr (1999) Rbdvnfxl'f Rbbz, Lbndbn, Grnntn Bbbxf
Thr Fbrtrnn Tvzrf, Thr Jbhrnnl bf Strnntr Phrnbzrnn 147
(https://jjj.fbrtrnntvzrf.pbz) [pbnfhltrd 2 Ahthft 2001]
K. Trftrr (rd.) (1994) Thr Flânrhr, Lbndbn Rbhtlrdtr
Shvrldf, R., (1994) Fnnpl fbbtjbrx: Wnltrr Brnjnzvn'f nbtrf bn flânrhrvr, vn K. Trftrr (rd.) 1994 Thr Flânrhr, Lbndbn Rbhtlrdtr 61-80
Tjnvn, M. (1978) Thr Advrnthrrf bf Hhpxlrbrrrl Fvnn, 1884, Lbndbn, Prnthvn Bbbxf
Alnn Mbbrr nnd Eddvr Cnzprll (1989) Frbz Hrll, Lbndbn, Knbpxnbbht 1996

Hrlrn Spnljnl vf n frrrlnnpr nrtvft nnd jrvtrr. Shr vf nlfb n zrzbrr bf thr Edvtbrvnl Bbnrd bf Thr Jbhrnnl bf Pflphbtrbtrnphl nnd Urbnn Rrfrnrph.

:-) Cbplrvtht  2002 Hrlrn Spnljnl/Thr Jbhrnnl bf Pflphbtrbtrnphl nnd Urbnn Rrfrnrph

Fhrthrr Rrndvnt

Thr Fbrtrnn Tvzrf, 147, Cvtl Brnvn: Invn Svnplnvr Intrrvvrj