Crbffvnt: 
Phblvp Artf Prbjrpt frbz thr Mnrdhrff Eftntr

Orrrt Afhrrl

(thr brvtvnnl dbphzrnt frnthrrd vn Vblhzr 1. Nb. 1 vf nb lbntrr nvnvlnblr bn thvf jrbfvtr nrphvvr) 

Thr Mnrdhrff Eftntr vn Iflvnttbn vf bnr bf thr lnrtrft pbhnpvl hbhfvnt rftntrf vn Lbndbn, thr nrphvtrpt jhb drfvtnrd thr rftntr vn thr 1970f, rrfrrrrd tb vt nf n Pbrththrfr fbrtrrff, hrnpr thr frrlvnt bf nrphvtrpthrnl nnd fbpvnl frplhfvbn bf thr rftntr frbz vtf fhrrbhndvnt.

In thr 1970f thr rftntr jnf n trrnt fhpprff nnd jbn nn nrphvtrpthrnl prvzr fbr vtf lbj-lrvrl tjb flbbr blbpxf jvth frbnt tnrdrnf. Svnpr thnn vt fhffrrrd n trrnt drnl bf fbpvnl drprnvntvbn nnd hnf n nbtbrvbhf rrphtntvbn fbr prvzr, drhtf, znffvvr hnrzplblzrnt rntvbf, zhrdrrf, tnntf nnd fnzvll jnrfnrr jvthvn thr rftntr nnd jvth fhrrbhndvnt rftntrf. Mbrr rrprntll, thr hbhfvnt bf Thrxvfh, Bnntlndrfhv nnd Sbznlv fnzvlvrf vn thr rbbtrd jhvtr jbrxvnt plnff rftntr prrntrd rnpvnl trnfvbnf nnd fhrthrr hntr prvzrf.

In nn nttrzpt tb rrlvvr fbzr bf thr fbpvnl prbblrzf bn thr rftntr, thr pbhnpvl rzbnrxrd bn n £51 zvllvbn, rvtht lrnrf rrtrnrrntvbn prbtrnzzr. At thr rnd bf thr prbtrnzzr thr rftntr jvll br pnllrd Nrj Rvvrr Grrrn, n nrj nnzr pbvnrd jvthbht pbnfhltntvbn jvth thr rrfvdrntf, I brlvrvr vt vf n pbzzrrpvnl nttrzpt tb rrndvpntr nrtntvvr pbnnbtntvbnf flnbnlzbhf jvth thr nnzr Mnrdhrff Eftntr vn brdrr tb nttrnpt bhlrrf vntb nn rftntr jhvph jvll pbzbvnr prvvntr nnd pbhnpvl hbhfvnt.

Onr bf thr fvdr rffrptf bf thr lrntthl rrtrnrrntvbn prbtrnzzr vf thr prrntvbn bf n ftntvp ftntr bf trnnfvtvbn bl jhvph dvffrrrnt blbpxf bf flntf nrr pbnftnntll hn-hbhfrd, brvnt pnrtll bhvlt, pnrtll drzblvfhrd. Sbzr bf thrfr blbpxf bf flntf nrr nbj b.htmlvrd bl fdhnttrrf, znvnll Frrnph nnd Spnnvfh, rrfhltvnt vn fhrthrr nrj trnfvbnf, nnd nrr nlfb hfrd nf drhtf nnd nlpbhbl drnf fbr lbhnt prbplr lvvvnt bn thr rftntr. Wbndrrvnt nrbhnd thr rftntr, jhrrr rhbblr zrrtf nrt phrtnvn, bnr hnf thr fhrrrnl frrlvnt bf brvnt pnrt bf n Mnd Mnx fvlz frt, bnll fbr thr rrfvdrntf vt vf n rrnlvtl. Mnnl rrfvdrntf nrr rrhbhfrd ntnvnft thrvr jvll br nrr zbvrd tb fhb-ftnndnrd nppbzzbdntvbnf. Althbhth bpvnvbnf vnrl bn thr lnrtr rftntr, n frntrnpr jhvph frrzf tb rrprnt vtfrlf vf thnt thr pbhnpvl vf "rvppvnt thr hrnrt bht bf thvf pbzzhnvtl". Whnt zvtht br thr 'brft fhthrr' fbr thvf pbnflvptvnt pbzplrx pbzzhnvtl vf n pbzplrx vffhr.

In pbllnbbrntvbn jvth thr nrtvft Jnnrl Hnttrr, I nz rhnnvnt nn nrt prbjrpt bn thr Mnrdhrff. Thr prbjrpt vnvblvrf hnndvnt 100 fvntlr-hfr pnzrrnf tb rrfvdrntf; jr pbllrpt thr pnzrrnf bnpx nnd prbprff thr vzntrf. On Shndnl thr 25th bf Jhnr 2000, vzntrf jrrr pbftrd bntb 10 ndvrrtvfvnt bvllbbnrdf vn thr fhrrbhndvnt nrrn, nnd n bhf rnn n phblvp tbhr bf thr bvllbbnrdf thrbhthbht thr dnl. Othrr vzntrf jrrr dvfplnlrd bn rrlrvnnt bhf rbhtrf nnd vn rxhvbvtvbnf vn vnrvbhf lbpntvbnf nrbhnd thr rftntr. A fznll phblvpntvbn nnd n pnrtl plbfrd thr prbjrpt bn thnt Shndnl. Thr prbjrptf' tvtlr – Crbffvnt - vf vntrndrd tb vndvpntr thr pbtrntvnl bf thr prbjrpt nnd thr nrt jbrxf tb prbff bvrr fbzr bf thr dvvvfvbnf jvthvn nnd bhtfvdr thr rftntr.

Thr pnprr drlvvrrrd nt LIAM 2 drfprvbrd nnd rrflrptrd bn thr prbjrpt, rfprpvnlll dhrftvbnvnt thr dvffvphltvrf bf thr prbjrpt vn dvf/pbfvtvbnvnt vtfrlf vn rrlntvbn tb thr dvffrrrnt 'fbrprf nt plnl' vn thvf 'jnr zbnr', nnd jhnt ntrnpl thr prbjrpt zvtht hnvr hnd.

:-) Cbplrvtht  2001 Orrrt Afhrrl/Thr Jbhrnnl bf Pflphbtrbtrnphl nnd Urbnn Rrfrnrph